In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome Dr. Namandjé Bumpus, Principal Deputy Commissioner of the FDA, who shares insights into the agency's operations and her path from academia to FDA leadership. The scientists explore the complexities of drug approval processes, the FDA's organizational structure, and its commitment to safety and transparency. Dr. Bumpus discusses the agency's efforts to advance health equity and adapt to emerging technologies, while addressing the critical challenge of maintaining public trust. This conversation offers listeners a unique glimpse into the inner workings of the FDA and its role in protecting public health.

All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/

(00:00) Introduction 

(03:31) Dr. Bumpus' Academic and Professional Journey

(06:19) Transition from Academia to FDA Leadership

(09:10) The Role of Pharmacology in Public Health

(12:26) Overview of FDA Offices and Centers

(15:10) Understanding the Drug Approval Process

(18:12) Post-Market Surveillance and Drug Safety

(21:20) Building Trust in Government Agencies

(24:27) Examples of FDA's Impact on Public Health

(27:16) Ensuring Transparency in FDA Processes

(30:27) The Human Foods Program and Its Importance

(33:08) Adapting to Rapidly Evolving Technologies

(36:16) Challenges Facing the FDA and Public Health

(38:42) Final Thoughts

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PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional.

Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers.

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In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman are joined by Dr. Ayesha Sherzai to explore brain health, with a focus on dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The scientists address common misconceptions and examine evidence-based approaches to cognitive health, including the role of nutrition, supplements, and music therapy. They debunk popular myths about brain usage and detoxification while emphasizing the importance of engaging in meaningful activities for cognitive resilience. Throughout the conversation, the experts highlight the intimate connection between brain health and overall well-being, providing listeners with reliable information to counter widespread misinformation in this field.

All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/

(00:00) Introduction 

(03:19) Understanding Dementia and Its Impact

(06:28) The Role of Nutrition in Brain Health

(09:19) Debunking Brain Health Supplements

(12:15) The Placebo Effect and Patient Care

(15:08) The Mozart Effect and Music Therapy

(27:41) The Therapeutic Power of Music

(34:28) Brain Training Games: Myths and Realities

(38:00) Detoxing the Brain: Fact or Fiction?

(41:02) Final Thoughts: Debunking Brain Myths: 10% Usage and Lateralization

Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to [email protected], with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line.

PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional.

Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers.

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In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome clinical psychologist Dr. Nicole Lippman-Barile to explore Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). The scientists examine the clinical criteria, symptoms, and biological mechanisms underlying SAD, while addressing both winter and summer variations of the condition. They discuss evidence-based treatment approaches, including light therapy, medication, and psychotherapy, emphasizing the legitimacy of SAD as a mental health condition. The conversation provides practical strategies for managing seasonal mood changes and fatigue, offering listeners valuable insights into understanding and treating this common disorder.

All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/

(00:00) Introduction 

(03:18) Understanding the Symptoms and Prevalence of SAD

(06:16) Clinical Criteria and Diagnosis of SAD

(09:11) Biological Mechanisms Behind SAD

(12:32) Treatment Options for Seasonal Affective Disorder

(15:16) Heard from the Herd: Listener Questions on SAD

(21:45) Combating Fatigue in Darker Months

(26:05) Understanding Light Therapy and Its Effects

(30:19) The Vitamin D Debate

(34:42) Legitimizing Seasonal Affective Disorder

(37:07) Final Thoughts: Exploring Reverse SAD and Its Implications

Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to [email protected], with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line.

PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional.

Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers.

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In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman are joined by the leaders of the Human Immunome Project to explore groundbreaking research in immunology. The scientists discuss the project's mission to comprehensively map and understand the human immune system, emphasizing the importance of studying diverse populations through longitudinal research. They delve into the complexities of immune system dynamics, modern immunotherapy advances, and the development of predictive models for precision medicine. The conversation highlights how this ambitious collaborative effort integrates existing data while pioneering new methodologies, offering listeners insight into the future of personalized healthcare through innovative immune system research.

All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/

Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to [email protected], with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line.

PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional.

Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers.

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In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman are joined by Dr. Caitlin Rivers, an expert in outbreak science, to explore the complex world of infectious diseases. The scientists discuss how outbreaks evolve into pandemics and examine the current landscape of infectious threats. They delve into the nature of various pathogens, with a particular focus on COVID-19 dynamics and emerging concerns such as Marburg virus and avian influenza. Dr. Rivers shares insights on the critical role of effective public health communication and the challenges faced by officials in a post-pandemic environment. Throughout the conversation, the hosts emphasize the importance of preparedness in addressing future infectious disease threats, offering listeners a comprehensive understanding of outbreak science and its implications for global health.

All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/

(00:00) Introduction 

(03:17) Childhood Aspirations and Pandemic Hobbies

(06:19) Understanding Pathogens and Infection

(10:22) The Evolution of Outbreaks to Pandemics

(15:19) Endemicity and the Future of COVID-19

(18:33) Current Outbreaks: Marburg, Measles, and Mpox

(26:15) Avian Flu and Emerging Threats

(42:25) Final Thoughts: Preparedness for Future Pandemics

Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to [email protected], with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line.

PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional.

Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers.

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In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman are joined by Dr. Joey Munoz to explore the comprehensive benefits of exercise. The scientists discuss the distinctions between aerobic and strength training, highlighting their unique impacts on physical health. They delve into the often-overlooked psychological and cognitive advantages of regular physical activity, challenging common exercise myths along the way. They emphasize the importance of finding joy in exercise and offer practical advice for integrating physical activity into daily routines. The episode concludes with an engaging Q&A segment, addressing listeners' questions about exercise and its effects on overall health, providing valuable insights for those seeking to improve their fitness and well-being.

All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/

(00:00) Introduction 

(03:25) Understanding Aerobic vs. Strength Training

(06:08) The Fountain of Youth: Benefits of Exercise

(09:11) The Psychological Benefits of Exercise

(12:09) Exercise and Brain Health

(15:25) Addressing Common Misconceptions about Exercise

(18:16) Practical Tips for Enjoying Exercise

(21:18) Q&A: Common Questions about Exercise

(24:22) Final Thoughts: Key Takeaways and Conclusion

Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to [email protected], with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line.

PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional.

Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers.

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In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman investigate the widespread myth that sugar causes ADHD and hyperactivity. The scientists trace the origins of this belief, including the influential Feingold diet, and examine scientific studies that challenge the purported link between sugar and hyperactive behavior. They explore sugar's biological effects on the brain, discuss the concept of addiction in relation to sugar, and consider the health consequences of excessive sugar consumption. Dr. Steier and Dr. Scheinman provide a balanced perspective on sugar intake, emphasizing the importance of moderation and informed dietary choices. This episode offers listeners valuable insights into the complex relationship between nutrition and behavior, debunking common misconceptions about sugar's impact on hyperactivity and ADHD.

All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/

(00:00) Introduction 

(03:30) Understanding Sugar and Its Impact

(09:04) The Myth of Sugar and Hyperactivity

(12:31) The Feingold Diet and Its Legacy

(14:01) Meta-Analysis Findings on Sugar and Behavior

(15:50) Expectation Effect and Environmental Factors

(16:54) The Brain's Reward System and Sugar

(19:54) Sugar Addiction: Myth or Reality?

(21:49) Health Implications of Excess Sugar Intake

(24:03) Homeostasis and Brain Health

(26:50) Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Sugar

(30:45) The Balance of Sugar in Diet

(33:49) Final Thoughts: Conclusion and Key Takeaways

Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to [email protected], with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line.

PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional.

Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers.

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In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman discuss anxiety and panic disorders with clinical psychologist Dr. Nicole Lippman-Barile. The scientists explore the definitions of anxiety, its neurobiological underpinnings, and various types of anxiety disorders. They examine common myths surrounding nutrition and mental health, with a focus on the gut-brain connection. They conclude the episode by discussing effective coping mechanisms and treatment options for those struggling with anxiety disorders, providing listeners with valuable insights into managing these common mental health challenges.

All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/

Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to [email protected], with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line.

PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional.

Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers.

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In this episode, Dr. Jess Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman explore the fascinating field of epigenetics, which examines how external factors influence gene expression and impact health outcomes. They discuss the interplay between nature and nurture, explaining how epigenetics involves information layered on top of DNA that affects gene operation. The scientists cover key mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modifications, and how factors such as nutrition and stress can impact these processes. They highlight landmark studies, including research on agouti mice and the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort Study, which demonstrate the long-term effects of environmental factors on gene expression and disease risk. The conversation also touches on the implications of epigenetics for mental health and the potential for future advancements in personalized medicine. Throughout the episode, Dr. Steier and Dr. Scheinman emphasize the complex relationship between genetics and environment in shaping human development and health.

All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/

(00:00) Introduction 

(02:27) Understanding Genetics and the Human Genome

(06:23) Epigenetics: Layered Information on Top of DNA

(10:19) Explaining Methylation and Histones

(16:20) External and Internal Regulation of Epigenetic Modifications

(18:43) Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance

(21:21) Landmark Studies in Epigenetics: Agouti Mice

(23:35) Environmental Influence on Epigenetic Markers in Twins

(26:07) Prenatal Exposure to Famine and DNA Methylation

(28:36) The Effects of Space Travel on Epigenetic Markers

(30:52) Epigenetics and Mental Health

(36:25) Final Thoughts: Future Advancements in Manipulating Epigenetic Changes

Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to [email protected], with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line.

PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional.

Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers.

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This episode of Unbiased Science is proudly sponsored by the Champions for Vaccine Education, Equity and Progress (CVEEP). Drs. Jess Steier and Sarah Scheinman discuss respiratory virus season and the importance of vaccines with guest Dr. Bertha Hidalgo, an epidemiologist. They share their personal experiences with COVID and the flu, highlighting the severity of these illnesses. The conversation covers viruses and vaccines, explaining that viruses are microscopic bundles of genetic material requiring host cells to replicate, while vaccines prime the immune system to fight off infections. The hosts explore the constant evolution of viruses and the need for updated vaccines to match circulating strains, mentioning the shift from a quadrivalent to a trivalent flu vaccine and the importance of genomic surveillance in predicting circulating strains. They give lots of practical guidance on ways to stay protected this season!

Dr. Jen Brull, a family physician and president elect of the American Academy of Family Physicians joins the pod to discuss vaccines and address common questions and concerns. She emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated for both flu and COVID as soon as they are available. She also discusses the possibility of a combined COVID and flu vaccine and the need for regular updates to vaccines due to new variants. Dr. Brull highlights the benefits of vaccination for individuals and the global community, debunking myths and addressing vaccine hesitancy. She recommends having a trusted relationship with a family physician and provides reliable sources of information.

All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/

(0:00:17) Sponsorship 

(0:01:00) Introduction 

(0:03:00) Personal experiences with Covid 

(0:09:45) Defining viruses and vaccines 

(0:13:05) How viruses are changing 

(0:20:30) How vaccines are updated 

(0:23:55) Nice Genes promo

(0:25:06) Different types of vaccines 

(0:27:30) RSV

(0:32:23) Updated Covid vaccine 

(0:39:59) Jen Brull intro 

(0:41:15) Vaccine Q&A

(0:46:00) Why get vaccinated?

(0:49:45) Busting vaccine myths 

(0:54:10) Practical considerations 

(0:59:05) Herd immunity 

(1:04:00) Vaccine effectiveness 

Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to [email protected], with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line.

PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional.

Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers.

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In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman are joined by Dr. Julie Bruene, a sports medicine physician, to discuss concussions and traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). They cover essential topics including the definition of a concussion, the impact of concussions on the brain, the difference in concussion severity between children and adults, signs and symptoms of concussions, and the assessment and treatment of concussions. The conversation highlights that concussions increase susceptibility to damage from subsequent injuries. They discuss Second Impact Syndrome (SIS), which occurs when a second mild TBI follows closely after an undiagnosed first concussion, emphasizing the importance of proper diagnosis and awareness. They also explore Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) and how it relates to high-risk sports for concussions, such as boxing and full-contact football.

This episode provides valuable insights into the complexities of concussions and TBIs, emphasizing the need for education, proper diagnosis, and appropriate management strategies. The comprehensive discussion offers listeners a deeper understanding of the risks associated with brain injuries and the importance of proper care and prevention.

All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/heads-will-roll-tackling-the-impact-of-concussions

(00:01) Music and Intros

(03:46) Understanding Concussions and TBIs

(05:35) Concussions in Children vs. Adults

(09:28) Signs and Symptoms of Concussions

(16:47) Assessment and Diagnosis of Concussions

(21:20) Treatment and Management of Concussions

(24:42) Monitoring for Severe Brain Injuries

(28:17) Promoting Education and Awareness about Concussions

(28:42) The Impact of Subsequent Injuries on Concussions

(30:26) Understanding Second Impact Syndrome (SIS)

(35:40) The Long-Term Effects of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

(42:50) The Limitations of Helmets in Preventing Concussions

(47:17) Final Thoughts: High-Risk Sports for Concussions: Boxing and Full-Contact Football

Episode contains samples from the following:

"The World is Waiting for the Sunrise," by Marie Dawson Morrell (Vocalion, 1922)

"Swing Song" by Marie Dawson Morrell. (Vocalion, 1920)

Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to [email protected], with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line.

PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional.

Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers.

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