Rates of colorectal cancer have declined in people over 65 but doubled among people under 50 in the last few decades. By 2030 it’s expected to be the leading cancer-related death in this age group.

In today’s episode, gastrointestinal cancer and prevention specialist, Dr. Andy Chan, explains how changes in the gut microbiome could be to blame.

Dr. Chan discusses the critical role your diet plays in cancer risk, how your gut microbiome can influence the development of colon cancer and the steps you can take to lower your risk.

Dr. Andy Chan is a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Program Director for Gastroenterology training at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off

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Timecodes:

00:00 Introduction

04:00 What is colon cancer?

05:20 How does cancer develop?

08:50 How common is colon cancer?

11:00 Demographics and shifting trends

14:00 Leading cause of cancer death for men under 50

15:32 Why are cancer rates rising in younger people

17:10 The role of diet and obesity

19:40 Does alcohol have an impact?

21:10 What is metabolic health and why does it matter?

25:10 Gut health and colon cancer 

27:50 Evidence from animal studies

33:43 Why overuse of antibiotics can be harmful 

38:15 Screening recommendations and methods

44:40 Can changing your diet reduce risk?

49:50 Should we avoid red meat?

53:28 Does physical activity reduce risk?

Books by our ZOE Scientists:

• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati
• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector
• Fibre Fuelled by Dr Will Bulsiewicz

Mentioned in today’s episode:

• Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer, from Gastroenterology
• Reducing Risk for Colorectal Cancer, from Center for Disease Control & Prevention
• Colorectal cancer statistics, 2017, from CA Cancer Journal
• Association Between the Sulfur Microbial Diet and Risk of Colorectal Cancer, from Gastroenterology and Hepatology 
• Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer: From phenomenon to mechanism, from Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology  

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.

Let's take control of our blood sugar. We’ll dive into a conversation with Professor of Human Physiology, Javier Gonzalez. He explains which exercises can reduce your blood sugar spikes and dips - which will have a positive impact on your long term health. And don’t worry, you don’t have to become an Olympic Weightlifter to do it.

Learn how your body responds to food with ZOE 👉 start here

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

- Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector

- Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Listen to the full episode here

Did you know you can build muscle just as effectively with plant protein as with animal protein?

In this episode, nutritionist Simon Hill, and board-certified gastroenterologist Dr Will Bulsiewicz, explain how our bodies use protein to build muscle and highlight the health benefits of plant proteins, such as reducing the risk of heart disease, type-2 diabetes, and hypertension.

In today’s episode, Simon and Will debunk common myths about protein and discuss the broader benefits of plant proteins, including improved gut health and reduced chronic disease risk.

Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

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Timecodes

00:00 Introduction

06:20 What is protein?

08:01 Essential amino acids explained

09:30 The role of protein in building muscle

11:00 Why muscles matter

12:05 Optimising protein intake for health

14:30 Protein and healthy aging

15:48 Best sources of protein

21:35 Animal vs plant protein sources

28:35 How to achieve fitness goals with plant protein

33:45 Which plants have high levels of protein?

38:07 Is gut health linked to muscle mass?

40:35 How to introduce more plant-based foods into your meals

44:54 New Harvard study on protein intake and healthy ageing

47:55 How much protein is in eggs and dairy?

51:24 Concerns about ultra-processed foods 

Books

• Buy Simon's book The Proof Is In The Plants
• Buy Will’s book Fiber Fueled

Mentioned in today's episode

• Effects of Consuming Ounce-Equivalent Portions of Animal- vs. Plant-Based Protein Foods, published in Nutrients 2023
• Improving the bioavailability of nutrients in plant foods at the household level, published in PNS
• Pre- versus post-exercise protein intake has similar effects on muscular adaptations, published in Peer J
• Vegan and Omnivorous High Protein Diets Support Comparable Daily Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates and Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Young Adults, published in The Journal of Nutrition
• A mycoprotein-based high-protein vegan diet supports equivalent daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates compared with an isonitrogenous omnivorous diet in older adults: a randomised controlled trial, published in British Journal of Nutrition

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.

Today we’re finding out how to improve blood vessel health with New York Times best selling author, Dr. William Li.

Dr. Li has some simple steps we can take to not only slow down the deterioration of our blood vessels, but also to reduce any existing blockages that we may, or may not yet know about.

Learn how your body responds to food with ZOE 👉 start here

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

- Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector

- Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Listen to the full episode here

Emulsifiers are common in our diets, enhancing the texture, appearance and shelf life of many foods. But are they safe?

In today’s episode, Jonathan and Federica uncover the surprising truth about emulsifiers in our food. We learn the science behind emulsifiers, their impact on health, and the rising concerns over there extensive use in ultra-processed foods.

Dr Federica Amati is a King’s College London researcher and a registered nutritionist. She is also a lecturer and Nutrition Topic Lead at Imperial College School of Medicine. Federica empowers people with accessible, practical knowledge to make informed choices on diet and lifestyle and to improve health based on unique needs and preferences, at every stage of life.

Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

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Timecodes

00:00 Introduction

01:10 What are emulsifiers doing in our food?

02:15 How common are emulsifiers in our food?

02:52 What to look out for on packaging

03:55 What are emulsifiers made from?

04:36 How emulsifiers work

09:50 Are emulsifiers bad for us?

10:40 Emulsifiers and our gut health

11:50 New risks emerging from human studies

14:50 How to reduce emulsifiers in your diet

Buy Federica’s book: Every Body Should Know This 

Mentioned in today’s episode:

• Food additive emulsifiers: a review of their role in foods, Nutrition Reviews 
• Emulsifiers Impact Colonic Length in Mice and Emulsifier Restriction is Feasible in People with Crohn’s Disease, Nutrients 2020
• Food Additive Emulsifiers and Their Impact on Gut Microbiome, Permeability, and Inflammation, Journal of Crohn's and Colitis
• Bacterial Overgrowth and Inflammation of Small Intestine After Carboxymethylcellulose Ingestion in Genetically Susceptible Mice, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.

Today we’re talking about pesticides. More specifically, about the surprising levels of pesticides found in some common foods.

Professor Tim Spector is here to tell us how to avoid giving these to our families.

Learn how your body responds to food with ZOE 👉 start here

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

- Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector

- Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati

Mentioned in the episode:

Dirty Dozen and Clean 15

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Listen to the full episode here

What do astronauts and cancer patients have in common? 

Jonathan explores this fascinating connection with Dr. Jessica Scott, learning how six decades of NASA research is being used to help the recovery of cancer survivors. New research challenges the traditional notion that you should rest during cancer treatment. Instead, Jessica’s studies into exercise could hold the key to a long and healthy life post-diagnosis. 

Dr Jessica Scott started her career at NASA where she spent 7 years designing exercise programs for astronauts in outer space. Now, as the principal investigator at the world-leading Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, she is using her unique skillset in the fight against cancer.

​​Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off 

Follow ZOE on Instagram.

Timecodes:

00:00 Introduction

01:32 Quickfire questions

03:10 Health challenges for astronauts

07:19 Impact of exercise on astronauts

10:43 NASA’s exercise program

14:28 Transition to cancer research

15:40 Exercise and cancer treatment

17:10 Side effects of cancer treatments

23:13 Studies on the benefit of exercising alongside cancer treatment

26:27 Tailoring exercise to the individual 

28:10 Global perspectives on exercising alongside cancer treatment

29:47 Understanding different types of exercise

33:26 Implementing NASA's non-linear exercise training techniques

41:04 The next steps for Jessica’s research

42:45 Episode summary

Books by our ZOE Scientists:

• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati
• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector
• Fibre Fuelled by Dr Will Bulsiewicz

Studies related to today’s episode:

• Cancer Survivorship Statistics from The National Cancer Institute https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/ocs/statistics#stats
• Multisystem Toxicity in Cancer: Lessons from NASA’s Countermeasures Program from The National Library of Medicine https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380275/
• A randomised trial comparing the effects of moderate versus moderate to high-intensity aerobic training in women with operable breast cancer from The National Library of Medicine https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2965727/
• Effects of exercise countermeasures on multisystem function in long duration spaceflight astronauts from The National Library of Medicine https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9898566/
• Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Cancer Survivors: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study from The National Library of Medicine https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35772913/

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here. 

Episode transcripts are available here.

Obesity is a physiological condition that can be managed with the right education and treatment.

In today's episode, Dr. Louis J. Aronne, a leading expert in obesity research, sheds light on the science behind weight management and obesity treatment.

Dr. Aronne dives into groundbreaking weight loss medications. He also explores how lifestyle and eating habits affect long-term health and why medications combined with dietary changes can unlock transformative results.

Louis J. Aronne, M.D. is a leading authority on obesity and its treatment. He’s a former president of The Obesity Society, which publishes the peer-reviewed scientific journal Obesity, of which Dr. Aronne is an associate editor. He has also authored more than 60 papers and book chapters on the topic. 

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off

Follow ZOE on Instagram.

Timecodes

00:00 Introduction

01:01 Quickfire questions

03:51 What is obesity?

05:06 What’s the difference between overweight and obesity?

07:38 Why has there been such a quick rise in obesity?

10:55 Why it’s not just a lack of willpower

13:50 The complexity of weight regulation

15:54 What is Leptin and why is it so important for weight control?

19:51 The brain’s role in weight regulation

20:36 Curing obesity in animal studies

22:29 Why hunter-gatherers did not gain weight

23:58 Natural experiments in weight gain and loss

26:01 How medications can cause weight gain

28:42 The impact of calorie restriction diets

30:13 Reducing diabetes risk through weight loss

34:10 Research into medications as a tool for weight loss

38:36 How well do weight loss drugs work?

41:38 The future of weight loss drugs

43:51 Will you regain the weight if you stop taking weight loss drugs?

48:08 Can obesity be avoided without the use of drugs?

49:42 Concerns about weight loss drugs

Books by our ZOE Scientists:

• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati
• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector
• Fibre Fuelled by Dr Will Bulsiewicz

Mentioned in today's episode:

• Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after "The Biggest Loser" competition in Obesity 
• The Finnish diabetes prevention study (DPS) in Diabetes Care
• The National Diabetes Prevention Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.

Our modern lifestyles mean that most of us don’t live our lives in sync with our circadian rhythms, which puts our health and well-being at risk. Eating and sleeping at the right time are important tools to help us align our circadian rhythms and reduce our risk of chronic disease. 

In this episode, circadian rhythm expert Prof. Satchin Panda will tell us how light and food act as master regulators of our body clock, how aligning our lifestyles with our body clock can improve our health, mood and energy levels and how to do this in practice. 

Satchin is a world-leading expert in the field of circadian rhythm research. He’s associate professor at the prestigious SALK institute, he’s recipient of the Dana Foundation Award in brain and immune system imaging and he’s also the author of two best-selling books, The Circadian Code and The Circadian Diabetes Code.

Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Timecodes:

00:00 Introduction

01:00 Quickfire questions

03:02 What are circadian rhythms?

03:48 How do we know about circadian rhythms?

04:44 Are all body parts on a 24 hour clock?

06:40 How the body enters sleep mode

09:25 What happens during sleep?

12:08 Why you’re not sleeping enough

13:30 The surprising impact of daylight savings time

17:00 Circadian rhythms aren’t just about light

19:55 The dangers of shift work

21:20 Should you go to bed at sunset?

25:40 Why should stop snacking at night

26:10 Satchin’s famous mice study

33:00 The best eating window for health

37:27 Does intermittent fasting promote better food choices?

40:40 Should you drink black coffee when you wake up?

Satchin’s books:

• The Circadian Code 
• The Circadian Diabetes Code

Books by our ZOE Scientists:

• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati
• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector
• Fibre Fuelled by Dr Will Bulsiewicz

Studies referenced in today’s episode: 

• Effects of 3 months of 10-h per-day time-restricted eating and 3 months of follow-up on bodyweight and cardiometabolic health in Danish individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes: the RESET single-centre, parallel, superiority, open-label, randomised controlled trial, published in Lancet Healthy Longevity
• Neuronal reprogramming of mouse and human fibroblasts using transcription factors involved in suprachiasmatic nucleus development, published iScience
• Learning from circadian rhythm to transform cancer prevention, prognosis, and survivorship care, published in Trends Cancer
• The Untapped Potential of Circadian Timing as a Variable for Discoveries and Reproducibility, published in Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepato

Follow ZOE on Instagram

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.

After the tragic news of Michael Mosley's passing, we are re-releasing our episode with him, originally released in March 2023:

If you had to do just one thing to improve your health, what would it be?

Our busy lives mean it can be difficult to keep up healthy habits, and with so much conflicting advice out there it’s tricky to separate fact from fiction. In today’s episode, Jonathan is joined by medical doctor, journalist, and presenter Michael Mosley, who is alongside ZOE regular Tim Spector, to discuss Michael’s four key habits to improve our health. 

Michael’s latest book ‘Just One Thing’ explores these habits and has seen him speak to singing scientists and eccentric iceman to healthy habit experts and evangelists. And of course, being Michael, he tried every habit out himself. We talk about which methods are the most effective, which he has incorporated into his life, and how he makes his new habits stick.

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to zoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your membership.

Follow ZOE on Instagram

Timecodes:

00:00 Tim Spector's tribute to Michael

01:01 Introduction

01:55 Quick Fire Questions

05:15 Are cold showers good for you?

06:48 How long do you need to be immersed in cold water for the benefits to work?

8:20 Can cold showers improve mental wellbeing?

11:30 Potential dangers of cold water swimming

12:45 Do cultural differences present different outcomes across the world?

13:58 Can these small stressors help us?

14:27 What is the theory behind this working?

16:15 Will this work for everyone or is this very personalized?

18:30 What effects does breathing have on your health?

19:55 How breathing exercises affect our brain

22:27 How do you keep up the breathing exercises?

23:27 ZOE app breathing exercise

25:40 Is there a difference between breathing through your nose and your mouth?

27:20 How important are plants and nature for our health?

30:25 Can exposure to nature improve things like mental health and even gut health?

32:00 Can herbs also help improve our health?

32:47 What are the benefits of exercise?

33:30 What are endo-cannibinoids?

34:41 Are preferences for exercise genetic?

36:12 Is it endorphins that make us feel good after / during exercise?

37:31 How exercise affects us is extremely personalized

39:42 How do we encourage people who don't enjoy exercise to do it?

41:13 Tips to improve your exercise routines

44:08 Are there benefits to walking downhill?

46:42 Summary

Michael Mosley’s book 'Just One Thing' is available to buy here

Episode transcripts are available here

Meat consumption continues to be high in both the US and the UK. Yet many governments advise reducing meat consumption, particularly red meat, due to both environmental and health concerns. 

In this episode, we delve into the sizzling world of meat alternatives. They promise sustainability, animal welfare, and better health. Buzzwords like "plant-based" and "meat-free" proudly adorn their packaging. But are they actually healthy? Or should we consider them as ultra-processed foods and avoid them?

Christopher Gardner is a Professor of Medicine at Stanford University and the Director of the Stanford Prevention Research Centre, and a world-leading expert in how the food that we eat impacts our health. 

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off

Follow ZOE on Instagram.

Timecodes:

00:00 Introduction

01:25 Quickfire questions

03:50 What is a meat alternative?

05:22 What's driving the trend for more alternatives?

07:47 Should you eat less red meat?

08:38 What is in meat alternatives?

10:22 Traditional meats vs meat alternatives

13:41 Are meat alternatives ultra-processed?

14:47 Latest scientific studies

23:56 What were the findings?

29:48 Is the quality of the protein as good as real meat?

34:00 Are meat alternatives healthy?

38:53 Are whole food based meat alternatives healthier?

40:05 What are the practical tips around meat alternatives?

43:21 How do ultra-processed foods come into this?

45:23 What are other ways people can transition away from red meat?

50:33 What are the differences between bad and good quality meat?

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati
• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector
• Fibre Fuelled by Dr Will Bulsiewicz

Studies referenced in today’s episode: 

• Study With Appetizing Plantfood—Meat Eating Alternative Trial (SWAP-MEAT), published in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
• SWAP-MEAT Athlete (study with appetizing plant-food, meat eating alternatives trial) a randomized crossover trial, published in Nutrition Journal.

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.