Vitamin D is the world’s favorite supplement. Governments around the world recommend people take the supplement for at least six months out of the year. But do we really need these pills? Do they even work? And could they actually be harming us?

In this episode, two ZOE scientists - Professor Tim Spector and Dr Federica Amati reveal the truth about vitamin D.

Tim is scientific co-founder of ZOE and professor of epidemiology at King’s College London. Federica is head nutritionist at ZOE and author of the Sunday Times bestseller ‘Every Body Should Know This’.

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Timecodes:

00:00 The sunshine vitamin

01:50 Quickfire questions

04:05 What is vitamin D?

07:12 Is sunlight the best source of vitamin D?

09:40 Does vitamin D keep my bones strong?

15:34 Are vitamin D levels a marker of good health?

20:00 What counts as normal levels of vitamin D? 

24:42 Supplement controversy

29:10 Do calcium supplements help bones?

31:29 Can I take too much vitamin D?

37:50 Could vitamin D prevent these health conditions?

42:54 Tim’s sunscreen controversy

46:46 Vitamin D and immunity

Books by our ZOE Scientists:

• The Food For Life Cookbook
• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati
• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector

Mentioned in today’s episode:

• The VITAL Trial - Principal results of the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) and updated meta-analyses of relevant vitamin D trials (2020), published in The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
• Cut-points for associations between vitamin D status and multiple musculoskeletal outcomes in middle-aged women (2016), published in Osteoporosis International
• Assessment of the genetic and clinical determinants of fracture risk: genome wide association and mendelian randomisation study (2018), published in British Medical Journal

Other ZOE Science & Nutrition episodes to try:

• What to eat to avoid osteoporosis with Prof. Tim Spector & Prof. Cyrus Cooper | Listen on Apple or Spotify
• Mushrooms as medicine: Uncovering the health secrets of fungi | Listen on Apple or Spotify

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.

Today we’re discussing mushrooms. Neither animal nor plant, mushrooms are entirely unique. Their novel chemistry provides us with powerful - and often surprising - health benefits.

So, how can we take advantage of this mushroom magic?

Tim Spector and fungi expert Merlin Sheldrake explain how and why you should invite more mushrooms into your diet.

🥑 Make smarter food choices. Become a member at zoe.com for 10% off with code PODCAST

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily30+

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Free resources from ZOE:

• Live Healthier: Top 10 Tips From ZOE Science & Nutrition 
• Gut Guide - for a healthier microbiome in weeks
• MenoScale Calculator - learn about your symptoms

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector
• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Listen to the full episode here

Protein-rich diets have been popular for some time. Everything from chocolate bars to ice cream promises to be ‘high protein’. Influencers and media outlets seem to rave about the weight loss and muscle building potential of eating a lot of protein.

But when it’s added as an extra ingredient - sometimes with emulsifiers and sugar - is it really helping our muscles grow?

Today, ZOE's Head Nutritionist Dr. Federica Amati reveals the truth about protein bars and shakes, cutting through the marketing noise to find out how useful these products really are.

🥑 Make smarter food choices. Become a member at zoe.com - 10% off with code PODCAST

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30+

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Follow ZOE on Instagram.

Timecodes

00:00 Are protein shakes worth it?

01:30 What is protein?

02:59 The liver's surprising role

03:32 Why do we need protein?

05:01 You probably don’t need more protein

07:30 Can I get enough protein from plants?

09:15 The protein supplement explosion

11:20 Are protein bars ultra processed?

15:30 Does extra protein promote weight loss?

17:33 Should I drink protein shakes?

Books by our ZOE Scientists

• The Food For Life Cookbook
• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati
• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector

Mentioned in today's episode

• Dietary protein: an essential nutrient for bone health (2005), published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition 
• Amino acids and immune function (2007), published in British Journal of Nutrition
• A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults (2017), published in British Journal of Sports Medicine
• Is It Time to Reconsider the U.S. Recommendations for Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Intake? (2023), published in Nutrients
• The hidden dangers of protein powders (2022), published by Harvard Medical School, Staying Healthy blog
• Gut microbiota role in dietary protein metabolism and health-related outcomes: The two sides of the coin (2016), published by Trends in Food Science and Technology

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.

Today we’re discussing ultra processed food.

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are everywhere. Many of us eat them over and over again without really understanding the detrimental impact they’re having on our health. 

But why are these foods so addictive?

Here to help us identify the ultra-processed parts of our diet are Professor Tim Spector and Dr. Chris van Tulleken.

🥑 Make smarter food choices. Become a member at zoe.com for 10% off with code PODCAST

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily30+

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Free resources from ZOE:

• Live Healthier: Top 10 Tips From ZOE Science & Nutrition 
• Gut Guide - for a healthier microbiome in weeks
• MenoScale Calculator - learn about your symptoms

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector
• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Listen to the full episode here

Your body has two brains. And your second brain is your gut. Many think the “gut” is only the stomach - but it’s a network of organs, working together to regulate many different areas of health. When almost half of us suffer with gastrointestinal issues, learning how these organs interact is vital to improving symptoms.

On this episode, we’re joined by Dr Karan Rajan. When Karan’s not teaching his 10 million social media followers about common medical myths, he’s an NHS surgeon, operating on people’s bowels. Karan will reveal how our GI issues impact way more than just our poo.

Today, we explore how the gut and brain are connected, the lifestyle factors causing gut health issues and why it’s so hard for doctors to understand IBS.

🥑 Make smarter food choices. Become a member at zoe.com - 10% off with code PODCAST

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30+

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Follow ZOE on Instagram.

Timecodes:

00:00 Your second brain is in your gut

01:39 Quickfire questions

03:50 Why your gut is more than your stomach

05:41 Why is digestion so important?

08:23 How your nervous system impacts gut health

12:17 Common ways we irritate our gut microbiome

17:11 Antibiotics and gut health

23:30 Why gut health starts at birth

27:25 The mystery of IBS

30:19 IBS vs IBD

35:07 Why is bowel cancer on the rise?

37:19 How to keep your gut happy

41:32 Do probiotic supplements work?

45:48 Why fermented foods are so powerful

48:01 Can good gut health improve mental health?

49:30 How often should you go to the toilet?

54:50 Should we hold in farts?

Get Karan's book 'This Book Could Save Your Life' here

Mentioned in this episode:

• Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study (2021), published in Gasteroenterology 
• IBS Facts and Statistics, published by International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders
• Epidemiological analysis reveals a surge in inflammatory bowel disease among children and adolescents: A global, regional, and national perspective from 1990 to 2019 – insights from the China study (2023, published by Journal of Global Health

Other ZOE Science & Nutrition episodes you might like:

• Why are young people getting colon cancer?
• Why one in ten children have a food allergy

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.

Today, we’re discussing sugar. It's well known that too much sugar is bad news. But for those of us with a sweet tooth, could swapping in natural sugar alternatives like honey be a healthier way to satisfy our cravings?

Or are we jumping out of the frying pan and into the fire?

Professor Sarah Berry is here to explain the science of sugar.

🥑 Make smarter food choices. Become a member at zoe.com for 10% off with code PODCAST

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily30+

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector
• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati

Free resources from ZOE:

• Live Healthier: Top 10 Tips From ZOE Science & Nutrition 
• Gut Guide - for a healthier microbiome in weeks
• MenoScale Calculator - learn about your symptoms

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Listen to the full episode here

Humans have been in love with chocolate for thousands of years. But not all chocolate is created equal, both in terms of health and taste. In this episode, chocolate expert Spencer Hyman and Professor Sarah Berry will take us on a trip into cacao. They’ll teach us what distinguishes good chocolate from bad chocolate and how we can beat our impulse to binge. 

Spencer breaks down how to produce craft chocolate. In six steps he will show us how we get from bean to bar. Sarah shares research into the health benefits of chocolate with a focus on fibre, flavanols and theobromine. They will also look at the controversy around the association between chocolate and heart health. 

🥑 Make smarter food choices. Become a member at zoe.com for 10% off with code PODCAST

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30+

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Follow ZOE on Instagram.

Timecodes:

00:00 Can chocolate be healthy?

01:32 Quickfire questions

03:37 From cacao bean to chocolate bar

05:30 What is cocoa butter?

08:03 Healthy chemicals in chocolate

09:19 Is chocolate healthier than other treats?

14:16 Why chocolate melts in your mouth

16:20 Chocolate and cholesterol

23:30 Why savouring flavour improves health

23:25 Can we trust the chocolate industry?

33:00 Is mainstream chocolate healthy?

40:30 The unhealthiest ingredient in chocolate

43:45 Craft chocolate tasting session

44:45 How to make your chocolate last longer

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.

Today, we’re discussing Antibiotics. These incredible medicines target bacterial infections and save countless lives, but they don’t discriminate - killing off our good bacteria and impacting our gut health too. 

Some experts suggest probiotics as a solution. But do they really help? And can fermented foods be the answer to reversing the damage to your gut microbiome? 

Professor Tim Spector and Dr Will Bulsiewicz are here to help you understand what to do to boost your gut health after taking antibiotics.

🥑 Make smarter food choices. Become a member at zoe.com for 10% off with code PODCAST

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily30+

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector
• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati

Free resources from ZOE:

• Live Healthier: Top 10 Tips From ZOE Science & Nutrition 
• Gut Guide - for a healthier microbiome in weeks
• MenoScale Calculator - learn about your symptoms

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Listen to the full episode here

The internet is panicking that seed oils cause inflammation and disease. Yet, they're everywhere. Canola, sunflower, safflower oil - these are all seed oils.

So why is there so much fear? And are any of the accusations true?

In this episode, we unpack the science of seed oils. With Professor Sarah Berry's expertise, we simplify what seed oils are, what the latest science says and why countless videos online say they’re toxic. 

Sarah Berry is a professor in the Department of Nutritional Sciences at King's College London and Chief Scientist at ZOE. She reveals the surprising truth about seed oils and tips to navigate a world full of them.

🥑 Make smarter food choices. Become a member at zoe.com for 10% off with code PODCAST

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily30+

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

Follow ZOE on Instagram.

Timecodes

00:00 Seed oils are in everything

02:07 Quickfire questions

03:29 What is seed oil?

05:31 Are seed oils full of chemicals?

10:41 Why are seed oils everywhere?

12:46 3 types of fat you should understand

19:32 Are seed oils toxic?

24:03 Is omega 6 dangerous?

26:57 These fats reduce disease risk

29:24 Key seed oil science 

37:15 Are seed oils unnatural?

44:57 Seed oil vs palm oil

49:50 Is it safe to cook with seed oil?

Books by our ZOE Scientists

• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati
• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector 
• Fibre Fuelled by Dr Will Bulsiewicz

Free resources from ZOE:

• Live Healthier: Top 10 Tips From ZOE Science & Nutrition 
• Gut Guide - for a healthier microbiome in weeks
• MenoScale Calculator - learn about your symptoms

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.

Today, we’re discussing the health benefits and potential harms of the world’s most popular drink - Coffee.

We drink 2 billion cups of the stuff every day. But how much coffee is bad for your health?

Coffee expert James Hoffmann and leading scientist Prof. Tim Spector are here to help us understand.

🥑 Make smarter food choices. Become a member at zoe.com for 10% off with code PODCAST

🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily30+

*Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system

📚 Books from our ZOE Scientists:

• Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector
• Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati

Free resources from ZOE:

• Live Healthier: Top 10 Tips From ZOE Science & Nutrition 
• Gut Guide - for a healthier microbiome in weeks
• MenoScale Calculator - learn about your symptoms

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Listen to the full episode here

Half of the world’s population will go through menopause. Yet research shows that a large proportion of women do not feel informed and equipped for menopause. In this episode, we reveal the results of a brand new study that highlight the impact of diet on menopause symptoms.

Davina McCall is a British household name and much-loved TV presenter on a mission to change this. Her 2022 book Menopausing provided a roadmap for women to be fearless in tackling this stage of life. She has her own very personal menopause story and today, she shares it with us.

Together with ZOE’s Chief Scientist, Prof. Sarah Berry, we’re having an honest and open conversation about perimenopause and menopause.

🤲 MenoScale Calculator - Track your menopause symptoms with our free tool 👉 zoe.com/menoscale

🥑 Make smarter food choices. Become a member at zoe.com for 10% off with code PODCAST

Follow ZOE on Instagram here.

Timecodes

00:00 Every woman goes through this

02:20 Quickfire questions

04:25 Davina’s menopause experience 

14:16 What happens during menopause

15:20 The impact of estrogen decline

17:40 How long does perimenopause last?

18:30 Is there a blood test for menopause?

24:20 What menopause symptoms are most common?

32:35 Does everyone get symptoms?

35:54 Does menopause increase disease risk?

39:15 Should you consider HRT?

45:30 Davina’s life changing experience

47:40 ZOE’s new study on diet and menopause

52:33 Can ZOE membership improve menopause symptoms?

54:26 Can supplements improve menopause symptoms? 

56:21 Gut microbiome health in perimenopause

58:26 Davina’s tips for exercise in menopause

Free resources from ZOE:

• Live Healthier: Top 10 Tips From ZOE Science & Nutrition 
• Gut Guide - for a healthier microbiome in weeks
• MenoScale Calculator - learn about your symptoms

Mentioned in this episode:

• Menopause is associated with postprandial metabolism, metabolic health and lifestyle: The ZOE PREDICT study (2022), published in eBioMedicine
• Sex and Menopausal Status Modulate the Impact of Meal Timing on Postprandial Glucose: Data From the ZOE PREDICT 1 Study (2024), published in Current Developments in Nutrition
• Management of menopause: a view towards prevention (2022), published in The Lancet: Diabetes and Endocrinology 
• Menopause: a cardiometabolic transition (2022), published in The Lancet: Diabetes and Endocrinology 
• Treating menopause — MHT and beyond (2022), published in Nature
• The Menopause Transition: Signs, Symptoms, and Management Options (2020), published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here.

Episode transcripts are available here.