"Dinner's ready!" Do you recognise that familiar call for everyone to gather round the table and tuck in? Whether it's a takeaway with friends or a family get-together during holiday seasons, humans have been eating together for thousands of years. But why? 

“晚饭准备好了！” 您是否记得那个熟悉的号召大家围坐在桌子旁吃饭？无论是与朋友的外卖还是节日期间的家庭聚会，人类一起吃饭的历史已有数千年之久。但为什么？ 

The discovery of fire may have kickstarted communal eating for our hunter-gatherer ancestors, according to primatologist Richard Wrangham. Cooking a meal all those years ago required a social group – you needed someone to hunt the food, someone to protect the food from thieves or predators, and of course, someone to cook. And once enjoying the feast, evolutionary psychologist Robin Dunbar speculates that the fire's bright light may have given the humans longer nights and provided great opportunities for bonding over food. 

灵长类动物学家理查德·兰厄姆表示，火的发现可能开启了我们以狩猎采集为生的祖先的集体饮食。多年前，做饭需要一个社会团体——你需要有人来寻找食物，有人来保护食物免遭小偷或掠夺者的侵害，当然，还需要有人来做饭。进化心理学家罗宾·邓巴（Robin Dunbar）在享用完这场盛宴后推测，火的明亮光芒可能让人类拥有了更长的夜晚，并为通过食物建立联系提供了绝佳的机会。 

But modern humans don't face the same threats as we used to – we can cook and eat a meal by ourselves. So why should we still make group meals a ritual? In Dunbar's 2017 study 'Breaking Bread: the Functions of Social Eating', they found communal eating increased feelings of wellbeing and connectedness with the community. Despite this, the study found a third of weekday evening meals in the UK are eaten in isolation – the main cause being busy work schedules. 

但现代人类不再像以前那样面临同样的威胁——我们可以自己做饭、吃饭。那么为什么我们还要把集体聚餐变成一种仪式呢？在 Dunbar 2017 年的研究“Breaking Bread：社交饮食的功能”中，他们发现集体饮食可以增加幸福感以及与社区的联系。尽管如此，研究发现英国工作日晚餐的三分之一是单独吃的——主要原因是繁忙的工作日程。 

Today's reality is that having meals together can be difficult. Time management, fussy eaters, and family tensions are all things that can get in the way. But, in an article about overthinking family meals, Susannah Ayre and colleagues write 'Five tips to ease the pressure', including dropping the need for perfection. "There is no shame in reheating a frozen meal" or "eating on a picnic rug in the living room". 

今天的现实是一起吃饭可能很困难。时间管理、挑食和家庭关系紧张等因素都可能成为阻碍。但是，在一篇关于过度考虑家庭膳食的文章中，苏珊娜·艾尔和同事写了“缓解压力的五个技巧”，其中包括放弃对完美的需求。“重新加热冷冻食品”或“在客厅的野餐地毯上吃东西”并不丢脸。 

Sharing meals may look different today than it did for our ancestors, but the essence stays the same: food is more than just fuel. It can be a way to connect, share stories and strengthen bonds. 

今天的分享膳食可能看起来与我们祖先的情况有所不同，但本质是一样的：食物不仅仅是燃料。它可以成为联系、分享故事和加强联系的一种方式。 

词汇表

gather round 聚到一起
tuck in 痛快地吃
takeaway 外卖
get-together 团聚，聚会
communal 群体的，集体的
hunter-gatherer 狩猎采集者
feast 盛宴
bond 建立纽带
ritual 仪式
wellbeing 身心健康
connectedness 连结性，联系感
isolation 独立，孤立
fussy 挑剔的，难以取悦的
tension 矛盾，紧张的关系
reheat 再次加热
picnic 野餐

The scientists said their new findings on the mixing and mating of the groups suggested the activities happened a little more recently than thought in the past. They believe the contact continued over many generations. 

科学家们表示，他们关于这些群体混合和交配的新发现表明，这些活动发生的时间比过去想象的要晚一些。他们相信这种接触持续了好几代人。

Priya Moorjani was co-writer of the study appearing in Science. She is an assistant professor of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley. She told Reuters, “Genetic data from these samples really helps us paint a picture in more and more detail.” 

Priya Moorjani 是发表在《科学》杂志上的这项研究的合著者。她是加州大学伯克利分校分子和细胞生物学助理教授。她告诉路透社，“这些样本的基因数据确实帮助我们越来越详细地描绘了一幅图景。” 

The team noted that it is difficult to know the exact nature of the interactions between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals based on the examined data. The researchers also could not confirm exactly where the mixing and mating happened. However, they believe it was most likely somewhere in the Middle East. 

研究小组指出，根据检查的数据很难了解智人和尼安德特人之间相互作用的确切性质。研究人员也无法确定混合和交配发生的确切位置。然而，他们认为它很可能在中东某个地方。 

The researchers noted most modern humans still have genetic material from Neanderthals that accounts for an estimated one to two percent of their DNA. They said modern-day genetic traits linked to skin color, hair color and even nose shape can relate back to the Neanderthals. Our genetic makeup also includes links to another group of human ancestors called Denisovans. 

研究人员指出，大多数现代人类仍然拥有来自尼安德特人的遗传物质，估计占其 DNA 的百分之一到百分之二。他们说，与肤色、头发颜色甚至鼻子形状相关的现代遗传特征可以追溯到尼安德特人。我们的基因构成还包括与另一群人类祖先（丹尼索瓦人）的联系。 

Moorjani noted that the history of Neanderthals living outside Africa for thousands of years likely gave them a greater ability to deal with climate and diseases in new environments. “Some of their genes may have been beneficial to modern humans,” she added. 

穆尔贾尼指出，尼安德特人在非洲以外生活了数千年的历史可能使他们在新环境中应对气候和疾病的能力更强。“它们的一些基因可能对现代人类有益，”她补充道。 

Rick Potts is director of the Smithsonian Institution’s Human Origins program. He was not involved in the new research. Potts told The Associated Press he hopes future genetic studies can help scientists learn even more details about the interactions of Neanderthals and modern humans. 

里克·波茨 (Rick Potts) 是史密森学会人类起源项目的主任。他没有参与这项新研究。波茨告诉美联社，他希望未来的基因研究能够帮助科学家了解更多关于尼安德特人和现代人类相互作用的细节。 

He said, “Out of many really compelling areas of scientific investigation, one of them is: well, who are we?” 

他说：“在许多真正引人注目的科学研究领域中，其中之一是：嗯，我们是谁？” 

Scientists have used ancient genes to learn more details about contact between Neanderthals and humans tens of thousands of years ago. 

科学家利用古代基因来了解数万年前尼安德特人与人类接触的更多细节。

Results of two recent studies estimate the two groups likely met and began mating about 45,000 years ago. 

最近两项研究的结果估计，这两个群体很可能在大约 45,000 年前相遇并开始交配。 

Modern humans – also known as Homo sapiens – began in Africa hundreds of thousands of years ago and later started spreading to Europe, Asia and other places. Scientists believe that at some point, they met and mated with Neanderthals. The mixing of these groups had a major influence on humans’ genetic code. 

现代人类（也称为智人）数十万年前起源于非洲，后来开始传播到欧洲、亚洲和其他地方。科学家认为，在某个时候，他们与尼安德特人相遇并交配。这些群体的混合对人类的遗传密码产生了重大影响。 

However, scientists do not know exactly when or how the two groups interacted. But the two new studies provide some additional details about the timing of this contact. 

然而，科学家们并不确切知道这两个群体何时或如何相互作用。但这两项新研究提供了有关这次接触时间的一些额外细节。 

One group of scientists examined genetic material from three female and three male Homo sapien individuals who lived around 45,000 years ago. Reuters news agency reported that research involved the oldest genes from Homo sapiens ever examined, or sequenced. 

一组科学家检查了生活在 45,000 年前的三名女性和三名男性智人的遗传物质。路透社报道称，这项研究涉及迄今为止检查或测序过的智人最古老的基因。 

Some of the genes came from bones found in a cave in the central German village of Ranis. Other material came from a woman believed to have lived at around the same time in a cave in a mountainous area of what is now the Czech Republic. 

一些基因来自在德国中部拉尼斯村庄的一个洞穴中发现的骨头。其他材料来自一位妇女，据信她大约在同一时期住在现在捷克共和国山区的一个洞穴里。

Researchers estimated the period of mixing between Neanderthals and humans at about 49,000 to 45,000 years ago. The findings were recently published in a study in Nature. 

研究人员估计尼安德特人和人类的混合时期约为 49,000 至 45,000 年前。该研究结果最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究中。 

A second group of researchers examined genetic material from 300 present-day and ancient Homo sapiens. This included 59 individuals who lived between 2,000 and 45,000 years ago. That study, published in the journal Science, estimated the period of mixing at about 50,500 to 43,500 years ago. 

第二组研究人员检查了 300 名现代和古代智人的遗传物质。其中包括生活在 2,000 至 45,000 年前的 59 个人。这项发表在《科学》杂志上的研究估计，混合时期约为 50,500 至 43,500 年前。

If keeping the plant looking normal is important, prune each branch or stem individually at uneven heights. It is also possible to cut back one-third of the plant's branches each year for three years. That method would have the least severe effect but requires the most patience. 

如果保持植物看起来正常很重要，请在不均匀的高度处单独修剪每个树枝或茎。也可以在三年内每年砍掉三分之一的植物枝条。这种方法的影响最轻，但需要最大的耐心。 

Evergreen trees and shrubs should only undergo light pruning such as the shortening of individual branches. Take care to avoid pruning too much or creating holes in evergreen plants and trees. With the exception of yews, they do not regrow from such damage. 

常绿树木和灌木只能进行轻微修剪，例如缩短个别树枝。注意避免修剪过多或在常绿植物和树木上留下洞。除紫杉外，它们不会因这种损坏而重新生长。

Now that you have taken care of pruning, turn your attention to the soil. 

现在您已经完成了修剪工作，接下来将注意力转向土壤。 

Test the soil's pH, or its acidity level. Do this to make sure the soil is good for the plants you plan to add. Test kits are available at local garden stores and online. In the United States, a cooperative extension service might provide soil testing and soil-amendment advice for a small cost. Cooperative extension services are part of a Department of Agriculture system that includes some universities. It aims to help farmers and people interested in plants. 

测试土壤的 pH 值或酸度水平。这样做可以确保土壤适合您计划添加的植物。测试套件可在当地花园商店和网上购买。在美国，合作推广服务可能会以较低的成本提供土壤测试和土壤改良建议。合作推广服务是农业部系统的一部分，该系统还包括一些大学。它旨在帮助农民和对植物感兴趣的人们。 

If the soil is hard, break it up with a machine or hand tools. Finally, spread five to seven centimeters of compost over the area. As it breaks down, nutrients will work their way into the soil. 

如果土壤坚硬，请用机器或手动工具将其破碎。最后，在该区域撒上五到七厘米的堆肥。当它分解时，养分会进入土壤。

After completing these steps, it will be time to plant your new garden. Choose new trees, shrubs or perennials, that will not grow wildly. Dig holes as deep as their roots but two times as wide and space them out to their expected full-grown sizes. Native plants are good because they need little added water or special care. 

完成这些步骤后，就可以种植新花园了。选择不会疯狂生长的新树木、灌木或多年生植物。挖洞的深度与根部一样深，但宽度是其根部的两倍，并将它们间隔到预期的成熟尺寸。本土植物很好，因为它们几乎不需要添加水或特殊护理。 

Plant groundcover – short, spreading plants – to cover the ground and keep weeds from growing and the soil from drying out. It might take one or two years, but a step-by-step approach will make gardening a joy again.

植物地被植物——矮小的、蔓延的植物——覆盖地面，防止杂草生长和土壤干燥。这可能需要一两年的时间，但循序渐进的方法将使园艺再次成为一种乐趣。 

And, perhaps best of all, you will see something beautiful when you look outside from your home. 

而且，也许最重要的是，当您从家里向外看时，您会看到一些美丽的东西。 

Drug use among teenagers has continued to drop since the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large national study says.

一项大型全国性研究表明，自 COVID-19 大流行初期以来，青少年吸毒人数持续下降。

The federally financed Monitoring the Future study has been carried out yearly since 1975. However, the study only started measuring abstinence – the practice of rejecting alcohol or recreational drug use – in 2017.

联邦资助的“监测未来”研究自 1975 年以来每年进行一次。然而，该研究直到 2017 年才开始衡量戒酒情况，即拒绝饮酒或消遣性药物的使用。

This year’s findings are based on answers from about 24,000 students in grades 8, 10 and 12 in schools across the United States.

今年的调查结果基于美国各地学校约 24,000 名 8、10 和 12 年级学生的回答。

One major finding: About 66 percent of 12th graders said they had not used alcohol, marijuana, and traditional or electronic cigarettes in the previous 30 days.

一项重大发现：约 66% 的 12 年级学生表示，他们在过去 30 天内没有使用酒精、大麻以及传统或电子烟。

That share, or proportion, of students is the largest since the yearly study started measuring abstinence.

这一比例是自年度研究开始衡量禁欲率以来最大的学生比例。

The study is “one of the best, if not the best” source of national data for substance use by teens, said Noah Kreski. Kreski is a Columbia University data analyst who has studied teen drug use.

诺亚·克雷斯基 (Noah Kreski) 表示，这项研究是“最好的，即使不是最好的”国家青少年药物使用数据来源。 克雷斯基是哥伦比亚大学的数据分析师，研究青少年吸毒情况。

Among 10th graders, 80 percent said they had not used alcohol, marijuana, cigarettes or e-cigarettes recently, another record. Among 8th graders, 90 percent did not use any of them, the same as was reported in the previous study.

在十年级学生中，80% 的人表示他们最近没有使用酒精、大麻、香烟或电子烟，这是另一项记录。 在八年级学生中，90% 的学生没有使用任何这些工具，这与之前的研究报告的情况相同。

The only major increase found was in the use of nicotine pouches, small, white containers of nicotine which users place in their mouths. About 6 percent of 12th graders said they had used that form of nicotine in the past year, up from about 3 percent in 2023.

唯一发现的主要增加是尼古丁袋的使用，这是使用者放入口中的小型白色尼古丁容器。 大约 6% 的 12 年级学生表示，他们在过去一年中使用过这种形式的尼古丁，而 2023 年这一比例约为 3%。

Whether that has the makings of a new public health problem is unclear. The University of Michigan’s Richard Miech, who leads the study, said: “It’s hard to know if we’re seeing the start of something, or not.”

目前尚不清楚这是否会引发新的公共卫生问题。 领导这项研究的密歇根大学理查德·米奇表示：“很难知道我们是否看到了某些事情的开始。”

Early in the pandemic, students across the country were told not to go to schools and to avoid parties or other gatherings. Alcohol and drug use of all kinds dropped likely because use most often happens in friend group settings. Friends often influence each other to use drugs, experts say.

在疫情爆发初期，全国各地的学生都被告知不要去学校，并避免参加聚会或其他聚会。 各种酒精和药物的使用可能会下降，因为使用最常发生在朋友群体中。 专家表示，朋友之间经常会影响彼此吸毒。

As lockdowns ended, “I think everyone expected at least a partial rebound,” Miech said.

随着封锁结束，“我认为每个人都预计至少会有部分反弹，”米奇说。

Even before the pandemic, there were decreases in teen cigarette smoking, drinking and the use of several kinds of drugs. Experts suggested that teens were staying home as opposed to spending time in social settings, in which use of illegal substances is more likely.

甚至在大流行之前，青少年吸烟、饮酒和使用多种药物的情况就已经减少。 专家建议，青少年呆在家里，而不是花时间在社交场合，因为社交场合更有可能使用非法药物。

But marijuana use was not falling before the pandemic. And vaping was increasing. It was only during the pandemic that those activities began to decrease also.

但在大流行之前，大麻的使用并没有下降。 电子烟的使用量正在增加。 只是在大流行期间，这些活动也开始减少。

Some experts wonder if the pandemic lockdowns had a deeper influence.

一些专家想知道大流行的封锁是否产生了更深层次的影响。

Miech noted that a lot of teens who experiment with e-cigarettes or drugs start in the 9th grade, sometimes because older children are doing it. But the children who were 9th graders during the lockdowns never picked up the activity. And they never had the opportunity to turn into negative influencers of their younger classmates, he said.

米奇指出，许多尝试电子烟或毒品的青少年从九年级开始，有时是因为年龄较大的孩子也在这样做。 但封锁期间九年级的孩子们从未参加过这项活动。 他说，他们从来没有机会成为年轻同学的负面影响者。

“The pandemic stopped the cycle of new kids coming in and being recruited to drug use,” Miech said.

米奇说：“这场大流行病阻止了新孩子进入并被招募吸毒的循环。”

Mental health may also play a part. There were increased reports of depression and anxiety in kids after the pandemic began. Depression is often linked with substance use, but some people with depression and anxiety are very cautious about experimenting with drugs, said Dr. Duncan Clark. Clark is a University of Pittsburgh medical doctor who researches substance use in kids.

心理健康也可能发挥一定作用。 大流行开始后，关于儿童抑郁和焦虑的报道有所增加。 邓肯·克拉克博士说，抑郁症通常与药物滥用有关，但一些患有抑郁症和焦虑症的人对尝试药物非常谨慎。 克拉克是匹兹堡大学的一名医生，研究儿童药物滥用问题。

“Some teens with anxiety are worried about the effects of substances. They may also be socially inhibited and have less opportunity to use drugs,” Clark said.

“一些患有焦虑症的青少年担心药物的影响。 他们也可能受到社交抑制，吸毒的机会较少，”克拉克说。

What is the best way to repair an overgrown garden? 

修复杂草丛生的花园的最佳方法是什么？ 

Garden expert for the Associated Press Jessica Damiano believes she knows the answer. 

美联社花园专家杰西卡·达米亚诺相信她知道答案。 

Here are some of her suggestions for making big improvements. Planning in the autumn and winter months can help you see something much more beautiful next winter: 

以下是她提出的一些重大改进的建议。秋季和冬季的计划可以帮助您在明年冬天看到更美丽的景色：

First, take a notebook with you and walk around the garden. Look carefully at each part. Try to decide which plants can be saved, which to throw away, and which ones require attention. Make a list as soon as you can. 

首先，带上笔记本，在花园里走走。仔细看每个部分。尝试决定哪些植物可以保留，哪些可以扔掉，哪些需要注意。尽快列一个清单。 

Dead plants, weeds and invasive plants should be first to go. If the weather permits, dig them out, removing as much of their root systems as possible. Otherwise, wait until spring to do this before planting. 

死去的植物、杂草和入侵植物应该首先被清除。如果天气允许，将它们挖出来，尽可能多地去除根系。否则，请等到春天再进行种植。 

Next, remove and give away healthy plants that you do not want. Online groups and neighborhood web pages are places to find people to receive the plants. Many people will even be willing to do the digging if it means getting a free plant. 

接下来，移除并放弃您不想要的健康植物。在线群组和社区网页是寻找接收植物的人的地方。如果这意味着获得免费的植物，许多人甚至愿意进行挖掘。 

If the garden is full of plants, shrubs, trees and vines that have grown wild, you might need to use a chainsaw or heavy machine. 

如果花园里长满了野生植物、灌木、树木和藤蔓，您可能需要使用链锯或重型机器。

If there are a lot of weeds or if you want to create new garden beds, you can cover the existing vegetation rather than dig it up. Decide the size and shape of the area you want to make into a new bed. 

如果杂草很多或者您想创建新的花园床，您可以覆盖现有的植被而不是将其挖掉。确定您想要制作新床的区域的大小和形状。 

Cover that area with cardboard or lots of newspaper. Put about seven centimeters of compost and five centimeters of mulch on top of it. You can start in the autumn and leave it there over the winter until planting time in the spring. 

用纸板或大量报纸覆盖该区域。在上面放大约七厘米的堆肥和五厘米的覆盖物。您可以从秋季开始，将其留在那里过冬，直到春季播种。 

When it is time to plant, cut holes in the cardboard or paper big enough for the roots of your plants. The covering over the ground will keep most weeds from growing. Some weeds may break through and require pulling or more cardboard, Damiano said. 

种植时，在纸板或纸张上切出足够大的孔，以容纳植物的根部。地面上的覆盖物可以防止大多数杂草生长。达米亚诺说，一些杂草可能会突破并需要拔除或更多纸板。

Healthy but overgrown or unproductive deciduous shrubs can be brought back to life by pruning. “Deciduous” means that the plants lose their leaves during the winter season. The best time to prune many plants is when their branches are bare in late winter. 

健康但杂草丛生或生产力低下的落叶灌木可以通过修剪恢复生机。“落叶”是指植物在冬季落叶。修剪许多植物的最佳时间是在冬末树枝光秃秃的时候。 

Choosing a pruning method will require weighing appearance against the time it will take to recover. The fastest and most severe method would be to cut the whole plant down just above ground level. Although extreme, many shrubs can deal with this form of pruning and will bounce back stronger. 

选择修剪方法需要权衡外观与恢复所需的时间。最快、最严厉的方法是将整个植物砍倒在地面以上。尽管极端，但许多灌木可以应对这种形式的修剪，并且会反弹得更强。

Nearly half of American teenagers – children ages 13 to 17 - say they are online “constantly” despite concerns about the effects of social media and smartphones on their mental health. 

尽管担心社交媒体和智能手机对心理健康的影响，但近一半的美国青少年（13 至 17 岁的儿童）表示，他们“经常”上网。 

The information comes from a report that was recently released by the Pew Research Center. 

该信息来自皮尤研究中心最近发布的一份报告。 

As in past years, YouTube was the most popular platform teenagers used. Around 90 percent said they watched videos on the website, down slightly from 95 percent in 2022. Nearly 75 percent of those questioned said they visit YouTube every day. 

与过去几年一样，YouTube 是青少年最常用的平台。大约 90% 的受访者表示他们在网站上观看了视频，略低于 2022 年的 95%。近 75% 的受访者表示他们每天都会访问 YouTube。 

There was a small downward change in several popular apps teens used. For example, 63 percent of teens said they used TikTok, down from 67 percent. Snapchat use went to 55 percent from 59 percent. This small decline could be due to pandemic-era restrictions easing up and kids having more time to see friends in person. But the change is probably not big enough to be truly meaningful.

青少年使用的几个流行应用程序出现了小幅下降。例如，63% 的青少年表示他们使用 TikTok，低于 67%。Snapchat 的使用率从 59% 上升到 55%。这一小幅下降可能是由于大流行时期限制的放松以及孩子们有更多时间亲自见到朋友。但这种变化可能还不够大，不足以产生真正的意义。

X saw the biggest decline among teenage users. Only 17 percent of teenagers said they use X, down from 23 percent in 2022, the year Elon Musk bought the platform. 

X 在青少年用户中下降幅度最大。只有 17% 的青少年表示他们使用 X，低于 2022 年埃隆·马斯克 (Elon Musk) 购买该平台的 23%。 

Reddit usage remained the same at 14 percent. About 6 percent of teenagers said they use Threads, Meta’s answer to X that launched in 2023. 

Reddit 使用率保持不变，为 14%。大约 6% 的青少年表示他们使用 Threads，这是 Meta 对 2023 年推出的 X 的回应。 

The report comes as countries around the world try to understand the effects of social media on young people’s well-being. 

该报告发布之际，世界各国都在试图了解社交媒体对年轻人福祉的影响。

Australia recently passed a law banning children under 16 from social networks. Still, it is unclear how the Australian government will be able to enforce the age limit. It is also unclear whether such a ban will come with unexpected or bad effects, such as isolating some children. 

澳大利亚最近通过了一项法律，禁止 16 岁以下儿童使用社交网络。不过，目前尚不清楚澳大利亚政府将如何执行年龄限制。目前还不清楚这样的禁令是否会带来意想不到的或不良的影响，例如隔离一些儿童。 

Meta’s messaging service WhatsApp was different in that it saw the number of teenage users increase to 23 percent from 17 percent in 2022. 

Meta 的消息服务 WhatsApp 的不同之处在于，它的青少年用户数量从 2022 年的 17% 增加到了 23%。 

Pew also asked teenagers how often they use different online platforms. A small but notable number said they are on them “almost constantly.” For YouTube, 15 percent reported constant use, for TikTok, 16 percent, and for Snapchat, 13 percent. 

皮尤还询问了青少年使用不同在线平台的频率。一小部分但值得注意的人表示，他们“几乎一直”使用它们。15% 的人表示经常使用 YouTube，16% 的人表示经常使用 TikTok，13% 的人表示经常使用 Snapchat。 

As in previous public opinion studies, girls were more likely to use TikTok almost constantly while boys went to YouTube. There was no meaningful gender difference in the use of Snapchat, Instagram and Facebook. 

与之前的民意研究一样，女孩更有可能经常使用 TikTok，而男孩则更倾向于使用 YouTube。Snapchat、Instagram 和 Facebook 的使用没有显着的性别差异。 

Around 25 percent of Black and Hispanic teens said they visit TikTok almost constantly, compared with just 8 percent of white teenagers. 

大约 25% 的黑人和西班牙裔青少年表示，他们几乎经常访问 TikTok，而白人青少年的这一比例仅为 8%。 

The report was based on a public opinion study of 1,391 U.S. teenagers that ran from September 18 to October 10, 2024. 

该报告基于 2024 年 9 月 18 日至 10 月 10 日对 1,391 名美国青少年进行的民意研究。 

Karagianni also told the AP she learned about the Florida-based organization over the internet while she was searching for information on a pony she had rescued. After learning about the group’s activities, she got the idea to start her own operation. 

卡拉贾尼还告诉美联社，她在搜索有关她救出的一匹小马的信息时，通过互联网了解到了这个位于佛罗里达州的组织。在了解了该组织的活动后，她萌生了自己创办公司的想法。 

“I was touched and I was moved, and I said: ‘OK, we have to bring this to Greece,’” Karagianni said. So, she decided to make changes to her land to be able to care for the horses. She said she turned her property into what she calls a “Magic Garden.” She has everything she needs to care for the horses. She also runs a small restaurant and party area. 

“我很感动，很感动，我说：‘好吧，我们必须把这个带到希腊，’”卡拉贾尼说。因此，她决定改变她的土地，以便能够照顾马匹。她说她把自己的财产变成了她所谓的“魔法花园”。她拥有照顾马匹所需的一切。她还经营一家小餐厅和派对区。

Karagianni launched her Greek group in 2014. She said the organization has served about 12,000 children since it began until the pandemic led to restrictions in 2020. 

Karagianni 于 2014 年成立了她的希腊组织。她说，该组织自成立以来已为约 12,000 名儿童提供服务，直到 2020 年大流行导致限制。 

The pandemic caused financial pressures and Karagianni herself faced a medical problem that hurt her ability to run the group. “I’m just starting to get myself back together again now,” she told the AP. “With a lot of financial difficulties. But what can I do? I’m trying.” 

这场大流行造成了财务压力，卡拉贾尼本人也面临着健康问题，损害了她管理该集团的能力。“我现在才刚刚开始重新振作起来，”她告诉美联社。“有很多财务困难。但我能做什么呢？我想。” 

Karagianni said she had contacted businesses and non-profit groups about financial help but has not been successful. She plans to continue to seek help. “I’m making super-human efforts,” Karagianni said. “I’m doing what I can. But I can’t do it alone,” she added. 

卡拉吉安尼说，她已经联系企业和非营利组织寻求经济帮助，但没有成功。她计划继续寻求帮助。“我正在做出超人的努力，”卡拉贾尼说。“我正在尽我所能。但我无法独自做到这一点，”她补充道。 

Karagianni said she keeps going because she sees the great benefits the children and adults receive from the animals. 

卡拉贾尼说，她之所以坚持下去，是因为她看到了儿童和成人从动物那里得到的巨大好处。

At the special needs school, teacher Eleni Volikaki said she sees “incredible” reactions from the children. “It’s like something awakens their senses.” Volikaki noted the horses can often get students to make more progress than with other therapy methods. 

在特殊需要学校，老师埃莱妮·沃利卡基 (Eleni Volikaki) 说，她看到孩子们的“难以置信”的反应。“就像有什么东西唤醒了他们的感官。” 沃利卡基指出，与其他治疗方法相比，马通常可以让学生取得更大的进步。

“We saw things we didn’t expect,” she said. “We saw children with autism, or children who are generally afraid of animals, coming very close, letting the (horses) get close to them.” Volikaki added. 

“我们看到了意想不到的事情，”她说。“我们看到患有自闭症的孩子，或者一般害怕动物的孩子，非常靠近，让（马）靠近他们。” 沃利卡基补充道。 

A non-profit group in Greece uses small horses to provide pet therapy to sick and disabled people. But the organization is now considering its future after facing financial difficulties. 

希腊的一个非营利组织使用小马为病人和残疾人提供宠物治疗。但在面临财务困难后，该组织现在正在考虑其未来。 

The Associated Press (AP) recently met members of the group, called Gentle Carousel Greece. The animals are brought to hospitals and care centers to give joy to the sick or those suffering physical limitations. 

美联社 (AP) 最近会见了名为“Gentle Carousel Greek”的组织的成员。这些动物被带到医院和护理中心，为病人或身体受到限制的人带来欢乐。

The horses are bred as miniature animals and stand about 72 centimeters tall. They are specially trained to provide comfort to disabled children, sick people, or older adults. 

这些马是作为微型动物饲养的，身高约 72 厘米。他们经过专门培训，可以为残疾儿童、病人或老年人提供安慰。 

One of the horses was recently brought to a school outside Athens for children with special needs. At the school, nine-year-old Josifina Topa Mazuch seemed drawn to a small, gray horse. She ended up leading the animal down a school hallway. 

其中一匹马最近被带到雅典郊外的一所为有特殊需要的儿童开设的学校。在学校，九岁的乔西菲娜·托帕·马祖赫似乎被一匹灰色的小马所吸引。她最终牵着这只动物穿过学校走廊。

The horse, named Ivy, stood no taller than the girl’s pink wheelchair. “I really want them to come again,” Josifina told the AP about Ivy and another visiting horse, Calypso. “They made me feel really happy,” she added. 

这匹名叫艾薇的马站起来的高度不及女孩的粉红色轮椅。“我真的希望他们再来一次，”乔西菲娜向美联社讲述艾维和另一匹来访的马卡吕普索的情况。“他们让我感到非常高兴，”她补充道。 

Ivy and Calypso are two of nine miniature horses provided by the non-profit group. The organization is linked to an American group called Gentle Carousel Miniature Therapy Horses. The U.S. group is based in Ocala, Florida. 

Ivy 和 Calypso 是该非营利组织提供的九匹微型马中的两匹。该组织与一个名为“温柔旋转木马微型治疗马”的美国组织有联系。该美国集团总部位于佛罗里达州奥卡拉。 

The organization said the horses complete at least two years of training. They are taught how to work in confined environments with children and adults with special health needs. Caregivers say the horses provide a form of pet therapy that offers valuable social interactions and new learning experiences. 

该组织表示，这些马匹至少完成了两年的训练。他们被教导如何在有限的环境中与有特殊健康需求的儿童和成人一起工作。护理人员表示，马匹提供了一种宠物疗法，可以提供有价值的社交互动和新的学习体验。

But the leader of the Greek organization says her group has been financially struggling in recent years. Gentle Carousel Greece is run by 68-year-old Mina Karagianni. She said she now performs most of the group’s duties herself. Karagianni also finances the group and cares for the nine miniature horses, mostly by herself. 

但希腊组织的领导人表示，她的组织近年来一直陷入财务困境。Gentle Carousel Greek 由 68 岁的 Mina Karagianni 经营。她说她现在自己履行该小组的大部分职责。卡拉吉安尼还为该团体提供资金，并主要由她自己照顾九匹微型马。 

For many of us, sandwiches are something simple. Something we can take to work or school to avoid having to cook lunch, something we can buy quickly and cheaply. For many of us, we don't even need to stop working to eat them. Sandwiches could possibly be the ultimate convenience food. 

对于我们许多人来说，三明治是很简单的事情。我们可以带去上班或上学，以避免做饭，我们可以快速而便宜地购买一些东西。对于我们许多人来说，我们甚至不需要停止工作就能吃它们。三明治可能是最终的方便食品。 

But now it seems people are realising that the humble sandwich can be so much more. There's nothing convenient about waiting an hour and paying five times the price of a supermarket sarnie, but that's exactly what customers at one London sandwich shop have been doing. What is it that makes people so keen to get their hands on these £12 sandwiches? 

但现在人们似乎开始意识到，不起眼的三明治可以有更多的用途。等待一个小时并支付超市三明治价格五倍的价格并不方便，但这正是伦敦一家三明治店的顾客一直在做的事情。是什么让人们如此热衷于购买这款 12 英镑的三明治？ 

Firstly, it's the ingredients. As baking has become more popular, good quality bread is both available and expected. The brains behind many of these gourmet sandwich shops are often people who have worked in the kitchens of top, Michelin-starred restaurants. This means that they bring a fine-dining attitude to their sandwiches, sourcing the best and freshest ingredients, combining them in new and creative ways. Secondly, it's the size. Max Halley, owner of a similar sandwich shop, boasts that the sandwiches his shop makes are twice the size of most burgers. 

首先，它的成分。随着烘焙变得越来越流行，高品质的面包是可以买到的，也是人们所期待的。许多美味三明治店的幕后主脑往往是曾在顶级米其林星级餐厅厨房工作过的人。这意味着他们为三明治带来了精致的餐饮态度，采购最好、最新鲜的食材，并以新颖和创意的方式将它们组合起来。其次，是尺寸。马克斯·哈雷 (Max Halley) 是一家类似三明治店的老板，他自豪地说，他店里制作的三明治是大多数汉堡的两倍大。 

Finally, having sandwiches that look both huge and delicious is perfect for social media. While they may be more expensive than supermarket sandwiches, they are far more accessible than many other dining options. Being enticing, affordable, and trendy is an almost guaranteed way to attract attention online and bring crowds to the shops' doors. That's what's leading some to spend most of their lunch hour queueing up for a bite. 

最后，看起来又大又美味的三明治非常适合社交媒体。虽然它们可能比超市三明治更贵，但它们比许多其他餐饮选择更容易获得。诱人、实惠且时尚几乎是在网上吸引注意力并将人群带到商店门口的必然方式。这就是导致一些人将大部分午餐时间花在排队吃饭的原因。 

And why not? They might be a bit too expensive to have every day, but taking time away from your desk to eat something that has been thoughtfully prepared from fresh, high-quality ingredients isn't a bad thing. It could be a good alternative to munching on industrially-produced supermarket sandwiches at your desk while staring at a spreadsheet. 

为什么不呢？每天吃它们可能有点贵，但从办公桌前抽出时间来吃一些用新鲜、优质食材精心准备的东西并不是一件坏事。它可能是一个很好的选择，可以代替你在办公桌上一边盯着电子表格一边嚼着工业生产的超市三明治。 

词汇表

convenience food 方便食品
humble 普通的
convenient 方便的
sarnie (英式英语)三明治
keen 热衷的，渴望的
get your hands on 得到
ingredient 原料
baking 烘焙
expected 期待的
gourmet 优质的
Michelin-starred 拥有米其林星级的
fine-dining 高级餐饮
source 采购，从…获取
combine 组合，结合
boast 夸耀
delicious 美味的
accessible 容易得到的
dining option 餐饮选择
enticing 诱人的，有吸引力的
trendy 时髦的
thoughtfully 精心地

Have you ever dreamt of strolling along the streets of Venice, climbing the Eiffel Tower or flying above the Grand Canyon? It's much easier to take a virtual holiday now than ever before. Doesn't it sound adventurous – travelling to breathtaking destinations around the world while never leaving the comfort of your own home? 

您是否曾梦想过漫步在威尼斯的街道、攀登埃菲尔铁塔或飞越大峡谷？现在享受虚拟假期比以往任何时候都容易得多。前往世界各地令人惊叹的目的地而不离开舒适的家，这听起来是不是很冒险？ 

Digital maps let you roam almost any location on the planet, meaning you can explore the night markets in Bangkok, hover over mountainous regions like the Himalayas or zoom in on tiny islands and imagine you're sunbathing and smelling the sea. Of course, you won't experience the weather and culture in exactly the same way, but at least it's an option. 

数字地图让您可以漫游地球上几乎任何地方，这意味着您可以探索曼谷的夜市，盘旋在喜马拉雅山等山区，或者放大小岛屿，想象您正在享受日光浴，闻着大海的味道。当然，您不会以完全相同的方式体验天气和文化，但至少这是一种选择。 

If you are a nature lover, it's possible to take an interactive virtual tour, with the option of virtual commentary, of a national park like Yellowstone in the USA. This area has a lot of volcanic activity, so you can watch geysers erupt, see sulphur lakes and virtually hike iconic trails. Their website is full of videos walking you to famous viewpoints like Dragon's Mouth Spring and the cascading waterfall at Upper Falls. And then there are oceanic adventures too. National Geographic offers virtual underwater experiences so you can dive with sharks and other marine life, see coral reefs come alive and explore sunken shipwrecks. 

如果您是自然爱好者，可以参加美国黄石国家公园等国家公园的互动虚拟之旅，并可选择虚拟解说。该地区火山活动频繁，因此您可以观看间歇泉喷发、硫磺湖，甚至可以在标志性小径上徒步。他们的网站上有很多视频，带您前往著名的景点，如龙口泉和上瀑布的瀑布。还有海洋冒险。国家地理提供虚拟水下体验，因此您可以与鲨鱼和其他海洋生物一起潜水，观看珊瑚礁的活跃并探索沉没的沉船。 

You can now tour many museums and landmarks virtually too, like The British Museum in London. You can explore more than 60 galleries where you'll see priceless artefacts from around the world, like the Rosetta Stone, and famous paintings and sculptures. The Taj Mahal is another place you can visit virtually and at a 360-degree angle, so you can scale heights that would be almost impossible if you were there in person. 

您现在也可以虚拟地游览许多博物馆和地标建筑，例如伦敦的大英博物馆。您可以探索 60 多个画廊，在那里您会看到来自世界各地的无价文物，例如罗塞塔石碑以及著名的绘画和雕塑。泰姬陵是另一个您可以以 360 度角度虚拟参观的地方，因此您可以攀登如果您亲自前往的话几乎不可能到达的高度。 

They say 'the world is your oyster'. So next time you get the travel bug, try a virtual escape. A shoestring budget is no problem – you can still explore the world, and you don't even need a passport. 

他们说“世界是你的牡蛎”。因此，下次当您喜欢旅行时，请尝试虚拟逃脱。预算有限不是问题——您仍然可以探索世界，甚至不需要护照。 

词汇表

virtual holiday 虚拟假期，通过互联网或虚拟现实技术游玩景点
adventurous 充满冒险精神的
breathtaking destination 令人惊叹的目的地
roam 漫步，闲逛
night market 夜市
interactive 互动式的
commentary 现场解说
national park 国家公园
geyser 间歇泉
sulphur lake 硫磺湖
trail 徒步路线
viewpoint 观景点
tour 游览，参观
landmark 地标
the world is your oyster “世界是你的牡蛎”，比喻世界任人驰骋，人尽可随心所欲
travel bug “旅行虫”，对旅行的强烈兴趣
shoestring budget 非常有限的预算
passport 护照