Namaste. Salaam. Shalom. Sat Sri Akal. Greetings to all of you from Pakistan.合十礼、平安、问候，向大家致以来自巴基斯坦的问候。

And what follows is a stream of images, a series of images captured by some of Pakistan's most dynamic and young photographers, that aims to give you an alternative glimpse, a look inside the hearts and minds of some ordinary Pakistani citizens. Here are some of the stories they wanted us to share with you.接下来是一系列影像，这些照片由巴基斯坦一些最具活力的年轻摄影师拍摄，旨在为你提供另一种视角，让你走进一些普通巴基斯坦人的内心世界。他们希望我们向你们分享他们的故事。

My name is Abdul Khan. I come from Peshawar. I hope that you will be able to see not just my Taliban-like beard, but also the richness and color of my perceptions, aspirations and dreams, as rich and colorful as the satchels that I sell.我叫阿卜杜勒·汗，来自白沙瓦。我希望你们不仅仅看到我那与塔利班相似的胡须，还能看到我的思想、愿望和梦想，它们就像我出售的包袋一样丰富多彩。

My name is Meher and this is my friend Irim. I hope to become a vet when I grow up so that I can take care of stray cats and dogs who wander around the streets of the village that I live near Gilgit, northern Pakistan.我叫梅赫尔，这是我的朋友伊琳。我希望长大后成为一名兽医，这样我就能照顾那些在巴基斯坦北部吉尔吉特附近村庄街头流浪的猫狗。

My name is Kailash. And I like to enrich lives through technicolored glass. Madame, would you like some of those orange bangles with the pink polka dots?我叫凯拉什，我喜欢用五彩斑斓的玻璃丰富人们的生活。女士，您想要一些橙色的手镯，上面带有粉色圆点吗？

My name is Zamin. And I'm an IDP, an internally displaced person, from Swat. Do you see me on the other side of this fence? Do I matter, or really exist for you?我叫扎明，是来自斯瓦特的国内流离失所者。你能看到我站在这道栅栏的另一边吗？在你们眼中，我重要吗？我真的存在吗？

My name is Iman. I am a fashion model, an up-and-coming model from Lahore. Do you see me simply smothered in cloth? Or can you move beyond my veil and see me for who I truly am inside?我叫伊曼，是一名来自拉合尔的新晋时尚模特。你看到的只是被布料包裹的我，还是能够透过面纱，看到我真实的内心世界？

My name is Ahmed. I am an Afghan refugee from the Khyber agency. I have come from a place of intense darkness. And that is why I want to illuminate the world.我叫艾哈迈德，是来自开伯尔地区的阿富汗难民。我来自一个充满黑暗的地方，因此我渴望点亮世界。

My name is Papusay. My heart and drum beat as one. If religion is the opium of the masses, then for me, music is my one and only ganja.我叫帕普赛，我的心跳和我的鼓声融为一体。如果说宗教是大众的鸦片，那么对我来说，音乐就是我唯一的“甘蔗”（比喻精神寄托）。

A rising tide lifts all boats. And the rising tide of India's spectacular economic growth has lifted over 400 million Indians into a buoyant middle class. But there are still over 650 million Indians, Pakistanis, Sri Lankans, Bangladeshis, Nepalese, who remain washed up on the shores of poverty.潮起时，所有的船都会升高。印度令人瞩目的经济增长已经将超过四亿印度人带入了欣欣向荣的中产阶级。但与此同时，仍有超过六亿五千万的印度人、巴基斯坦人、斯里兰卡人、孟加拉人和尼泊尔人，被贫困的浪潮冲到了岸上。

Therefore as India and Pakistan, as you and I, it behooves us to transcend our differences, to celebrate our diversity, to leverage our common humanity.因此，作为印度人和巴基斯坦人，作为你和我，我们应当超越分歧，庆祝多样性，并借助我们共同的人性。

Our collective vision at Naya Jeevan, which for many of you, as you all recognize, means "new life" in Urdu and Hindi, is to rejuvenate the lives of millions of low-income families by providing them with affordable access to catastrophic health care. Indeed it is the emerging world's first HMO for the urban working poor.我们在 Naya Jeevan（乌尔都语和印地语中意为“新生命”）的共同愿景，是通过提供可负担的灾难性医疗保障，让数百万低收入家庭的生活焕然一新。这是发展中世界第一个面向城市贫困劳动者的健康维护组织（HMO）。

Why should we do this as Indians and Pakistanis? We are but two threads cut from the same cloth.作为印度人和巴基斯坦人，我们为什么要做这些？因为我们本就是同一块布料上剪下的两根丝线。

And if our fates are intertwined, then we believe that it is good karma, it is good fortune. And for many of us, our fortunes do indeed lie at the bottom of the pyramid. Thank you.如果我们的命运交织在一起，那么我们相信这是善因，是福报。而对于我们许多人来说，我们的财富确实深藏在金字塔的底部。谢谢。

Fantastic. Just stay up here. That was fantastic. I found that really moving.太棒了，请留在台上。这真的太棒了，我深受感动。

You know, we fought hard to get at least a small Pakistani contingent to come. It felt like it was really important.你知道，我们费尽周折才让一小批巴基斯坦代表来到这里。这真的很重要。

They went through a lot to get here. Would the Pakistanis please just stand up please? I just really wanted to acknowledge you.他们经历了许多才来到这里。请在场的巴基斯坦朋友站起来好吗？我真的想向你们表达敬意。

This is a world-changing invention. The smoke alarm has saved perhaps hundreds of thousands of lives, worldwide. But smoke alarms don't prevent fires.这是一个改变世界的发明。烟雾报警器可能已经在全球范围内挽救了成千上万的生命。但是，烟雾报警器并不能预防火灾。

Every year in the USA, over 20,000 are killed or injured with 350,000 home fires. And one of the main causes of all these fires is electricity. What if we could prevent electrical fires before they start? Well, a couple of friends and I figured out how to do this.每年，美国有超过 20,000 人因 350,000 起家庭火灾而丧生或受伤。其中一个主要的起火原因是电力。如果我们能在电气火灾发生之前就加以预防呢？我和几位朋友找到了解决办法。

So how does electricity ignite residential fires? Well, it turns out that the main causes are faulty and misused appliances and electrical wiring. Our invention had to address all of these issues. So what about circuit breakers? Well, Thomas Edison invented the circuit breaker in 1879. This is 130-year-old technology, and this is a problem, because over 80 percent of all home electrical fires start below the safety threshold of circuit breakers. Hmmm ...那么，电力是如何引发家庭火灾的呢？事实证明，主要原因是故障电器、不当使用电器以及电线老化。我们的发明必须解决所有这些问题。那么，断路器能否起作用？其实，托马斯·爱迪生早在 1879 年就发明了断路器。这项技术已有 130 年的历史，而这正是个问题，因为超过 80% 的家庭电气火灾发生时，电流都在断路器的安全阈值以下。嗯……

So we considered all of this. And we realized that electrical appliances must be able to communicate directly with the power receptacle itself. Any electrical device -- an appliance, an extension cord, whatever -- must be able to tell the power outlet, "Hey, power outlet, I'm drawing too much current. Shut me off now, before I start a fire." And the power outlet needs to be smart enough to do it. So here is what we did. We put a 10-cent digital transponder, a data tag, in the appliance plug. And we put an inexpensive, wireless data reader inside the receptacle so they could communicate.于是，我们认真思考了这个问题，并意识到电器必须能够直接与电源插座进行通信。任何电器——无论是家电、延长线还是其他设备——都必须能向电源插座发送信号：“嘿，电源插座，我的电流过载了，快关掉我，否则我可能会引发火灾。”而电源插座必须足够智能，能够执行这个指令。因此，我们的做法是：在电器插头内安装一个成本仅 10 美分的数字传感器（数据标签），并在插座内部放置一个廉价的无线数据读取器，让它们能够互相通信。

Now, every home electrical system becomes an intelligent network. The appliance's safe operating parameters are embedded into its plug. If too much current is flowing, the intelligent receptacle turns itself off, and prevents another fire from starting. We call this technology EFCI, Electrical Fault Circuit Interrupter.这样，每个家庭的电力系统都变成了一个智能网络。电器的安全运行参数被写入其插头中。如果电流过载，智能插座就会自动断电，防止火灾发生。我们称这种技术为 EFCI（电气故障断路器）。

Okay, two more points. Every year in the USA, roughly 2,500 children are admitted to emergency rooms for shock and burn injuries related to electrical receptacles. And this is crazy. An intelligent receptacle prevents injuries because the power is always off, until an intelligent plug is detected. Simple.还有两个关键点。每年，美国约有 2,500 名儿童因电源插座导致的电击和烧伤而被送往急诊室。这太可怕了。而智能插座可以防止这些伤害，因为在检测到智能插头之前，插座的电源始终处于关闭状态。这很简单。

Now, besides saving lives, perhaps the greatest benefit of intelligent power is in its energy savings. This invention will reduce global energy consumption by allowing remote control and automation of every outlet in every home and business. Now you can choose to reduce your home energy bill by automatically cycling heavy loads like air conditioners and heaters. Hotels and businesses can shut down unused rooms from a central location, or even a cell phone. There are 10 billion electrical outlets in North America alone. The potential energy savings is very, very significant.除了拯救生命之外，智能电力的另一个巨大优势是节能。这项发明可以通过远程控制和自动化管理家庭和企业中的每个插座，从而降低全球能源消耗。现在，你可以选择通过自动循环控制空调、暖气等高耗能设备来减少家庭能源账单。酒店和企业可以通过中央控制系统，甚至手机，关闭未使用的房间。仅在北美，就有 100 亿个电源插座，其节能潜力是非常巨大的。

So far we've applied for 414 patent claims. Of those, 186 have been granted: 228 are in process. And I'm pleased to announce that just three weeks ago we received our first international recognition, the 2009 CES Innovation Award.到目前为止，我们已申请了 414 项专利，其中 186 项已获批准，228 项正在申请中。我很高兴地宣布，就在三周前，我们获得了第一个国际认可——2009 年 CES 创新奖。

So, to conclude, intelligent power can, globally, save thousands of lives, prevent tens of thousands of injuries, and eliminate tens of billions of dollars in property damage every single year, while significantly reducing global energy consumption. In the spirit of this year's TED Conference, we think this is a powerful, world-changing invention. And I'd like to thank Chris for this opportunity to unveil our technology with you, and soon the world. Thank you.总而言之，智能电力每年可以在全球范围内拯救数千人的生命，防止数万起伤害，减少数百亿美元的财产损失，并显著降低全球能源消耗。秉承本届 TED 大会的精神，我们认为这是一个强大且能改变世界的发明。我还要感谢 Chris 给我这个机会，与大家——很快也会与全世界——分享我们的技术。谢谢大家！ 

Ukraine is known for its historical landmarks like Saint Sophia Cathedral and Independence Square, big cities like Kyiv and Kharkiv, and the ports of the Black Sea. Few visitors, however, know about the small and picturesque villages of one of the largest countries in Eastern Europe. 

乌克兰以其历史地标，例如圣索菲亚大教堂和独立广场，基辅和哈尔基夫等大城市以及黑海的港口而闻名。 但是，很少有游客知道东欧最大的国家之一的小村庄。 

Today, we will learn about Tupychiv, a small village nearly 200 kilometers north of the capital city of Kyiv. 

今天，我们将了解Tupychiv，这是一个小村庄，一个小村庄，位于首都基辅以北近200公里。 

Tupychiv is one of 11 small villages in the Chernihiv area. From the regional center of Chernihiv, visitors can take a bus or car to Tupychiv. The small village has no link to important historical events or possesses any major architecture. What it does have is nature. 

Tupychiv是切尔尼希夫地区的11个小村庄之一。 从切尔尼夫地区中心，游客可以乘公共汽车或汽车去图皮奇夫。 这个小村庄与重要的历史事件没有联系，也没有任何重大建筑。 它的确是自然。

Tupychiv is surrounded by forests. The woods are more than just an ecosystem. They are a part of life for people in the area. Workers look after the forests to keep the trees, including birch, oak, pine, and fir, in order.

 Tupychiv被森林包围。 树林不仅仅是一个生态系统。 它们是该地区人们生活的一部分。 工人照顾森林，以井井有条，包括桦木，橡木，松树和冷杉。 

In early spring, fresh green leaves blossom on the trees and bushes. The sound of birds singing fills every corner of the forest promising new life and joy after the cold winter day. In May, herds of cows wander to the forests to graze between the bushes and wood clearings. 

在早春，新鲜的绿色叶子在树木和灌木丛上开花。 鸟类唱歌的声音充满了森林的每个角落，在寒冷的冬天后，有希望的新生活和喜悦。 5月，牛群徘徊在森林中，在灌木丛和清除木材之间放牧。

As the summer arrives, villagers ride their bikes to the forests to pick berries. Strawberries, blackberries, and raspberries are important sources of nutrition for villagers. They are also an important source of money for those who bring them to market. 

夏天到来时，村民骑自行车去森林挑选浆果。 草莓，黑莓和覆盆子是村民营养的重要来源。 对于那些将他们投放市场的人来说，它们也是重要的资金来源。 

The quietest month in the forest is June when animals and birds have their babies. 

森林中最安静的月份是六月动物和鸟类的婴儿。 

But the 7th of July is a special day in the forests of Tupychiv. 

但是7月7日是图皮奇森林的特殊日子。 

According to legend, the ferns in the forests would only blossom one night a year, from nighttime on the 6th to daytime on the 7th. Those who could see its bloom would be given a gift to find treasures. But the night is also the time when evils in the woods would come out and only the bravest men would dare to go into the Tupychiv forests. 

根据传说，森林中的蕨类植物每年只有一个晚上，从夜晚的6日到7日的白天。 那些可以看到盛开的人将获得一份礼物来寻找宝藏。 但是，夜晚也是树林里的邪恶会出来的时候，只有最勇敢的人敢进入蒂皮奇夫森林。

Whether the story is true or not, villagers believe that the plants have a magic force on the 7th of July. So many hurry to the woods to gather medicinal plants or berries on that special day. 

无论故事是否真实，村民都认为植物在7月7日具有魔力。 这么多人急于在那个特殊的日子里收集药用植物或浆果。 

When autumn comes, the forests turn into a palette of golden leaves on birches, flaming scarlet leaves of oak trees and dark green firs and pines. Villagers would go for a walk in the woods and come back with a basket of mushrooms and unforgettable memories. 

当秋天到来时，森林变成了桦树上的金色叶子，橡木树的炽烈猩红叶，深绿色的冷杉和松树。 村民会在树林里散步，并带着一篮子蘑菇和难忘的回忆回来。 

As for memories, no one in Tupychiv ever forgets the year 1933. That was the year Ukrainians suffered from hunger caused by Soviet policy. Thousands died of hunger but the people of Tupychiv and neighboring villages survived with berries, mushrooms, and edible plants found in the woods. 

至于回忆，在图皮奇夫中，没有人忘记1933年。那一年，乌克兰人遭受了苏联政策造成的饥饿。 成千上万的人死于饥饿，但图普奇夫（Tupychiv）和邻近村庄的人们在树林中发现的浆果，蘑菇和可食用植物幸存下来。

About 300 kilometers west, away from the crowd and the noise of the capital city of Kyiv lies the historic and picturesque town of Berdychiv. 

西部约300公里，远离人群，而首都基夫的噪音是历史悠久的风景如画的伯迪奇镇。

It is a place where the sound of birds singing blends with the morning mist at sunrise. Nobody hurries here. Life goes on in Berdychiv. 

在这里，鸟类的声音与日出时的早晨薄雾融为一体。 没有人在这里招募。 生活在贝迪奇夫（Berdychiv）继续。 

The town in northern Ukraine was founded in 1430. It is a place where three world cultures, Polish, Ukrainian and Jewish, meet and are preserved. 

乌克兰北部的小镇成立于1430年。在这里，三种世界文化，波兰，乌克兰和犹太人，见面并得到了保存。 

Britannica Dictionary says the town started as a Lithuanian fortress before turning into a Polish city from 1569 until 1793. At one point, it was the fourth-largest city in Ukraine with a large Jewish population. 

大不列颠词典说，该镇是立陶宛要塞开始的，然后从1569年至1793年变成了波兰城市。在某一时刻，它是乌克兰的第四大城市，拥有大量的犹太人人口。 

Overlooking the Hnylopiat River is the ancient monastery fortress of the Barefoot Carmelites, known as the Sanctuary of the Mother of God of the Holy Scapular. The complex was built in the 16th century by the Janusz Tyszkiewicz family. The Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine says the complex, along with a school and publishing house, turned the city into an important Polish religious center. 

俯瞰着hnylopiat河是赤脚卡梅利特人的古老修道院堡垒，被称为圣肩cap骨的母亲的圣所。 该综合大楼是由Janusz Tyszkiewicz家族于16世纪建造的。 乌克兰的互联网百科全书说，该综合大楼以及一所学校和出版社将这座城市变成了重要的波兰宗教中心。 

The complex is popular with visitors who take pictures of its magnificent buildings and lifelong residents who take part in life ceremonies like weddings and graduations. 

该建筑群在游客中很受欢迎，他们为其宏伟的建筑物和终身居民拍照，他们参加了婚礼和毕业典礼等生活仪式。 

Across the Catholic church in the same complex is a museum to celebrate the life of Joseph Conrad. The English writer was born in 1857 in Berdychiv to a family of Polish patriots who fought against Russian rule. They were arrested and exiled to northern Russia where Conrad first learned English at the age of four. Conrad left Russia and traveled the world as a mariner before starting his writing career. 

在同一个综合大楼的整个天主教会上，都是庆祝约瑟夫·康拉德（Joseph Conrad）生活的博物馆。 这位英国作家于1857年出生在贝迪奇夫（Berdychiv），是一群反对俄罗斯统治的波兰爱国者。 他们被捕并流放到北部俄罗斯北部，康拉德在四岁时首次学习英语。 康拉德（Conrad）离开俄罗斯，在开始写作生涯之前以水手身份旅行。 

Down a narrow path near the complex is an old building on the river banks. It is an art school where Ukrainians study to become designers, artists, and photographers. It is a place where many modern Ukrainian artists come from and a place filled with great works of art. 

在综合大楼附近的一条狭窄小路上是河岸上的一栋古老建筑。 这是一所艺术学校，乌克兰人研究成为设计师，艺术家和摄影师。 在这里，许多现代乌克兰艺术家来自这里，也是一个充满艺术品的地方。 

In the city center is an art installation: Suit from Berdychiv. Here visitors often take pictures, eat pizza, and sit in a café with a view of the center. Not far from the city center is the Berdychiv Historical Museum. Founded in 1926, the museum has a collection of valuable fabrics and paintings. 

在市中心是艺术装置：贝迪奇夫的西装。 在这里，游客经常拍照，吃披萨，坐在咖啡馆里，可以欣赏中心的景色。 距市中心不远的是Berdychiv历史博物馆。 该博物馆成立于1926年，有一系列有价值的面料和绘画。 

Berdychiv is known for one event related to the world of literature. The well-known French writer Honoré de Balzac married Éveline Hanska, a Polish countess, in 1850 in St. Barbara’s Church after an 18-year courtship.

Berdychiv以与文学世界有关的一个事件而闻名。 著名的法国作家HonoréDeBalzac于1850年在圣巴巴拉教堂（St. Barbara's Church）与波兰伯爵夫人的ÉvelineHanska结婚，经过18年的求爱。 

Some believe they chose the church for its beauty and history in a city of writers, and a city of love and culture. 

有些人认为，他们在一个作家之城和一个爱与文化之城中选择了教会的美丽和历史。 

Hi, my name is Kate, and I am from Odessa region. 

嗨，我叫凯特，我来自敖德萨地区。 

Imagine you are standing on the slope of the mountain, and a breathtaking view opens to you. The sun shines brightly and clear. The breeze is barely noticeable and warm. You see a large bay underneath. The water flows quietly and calmly. The leaves on the trees rustle gently. You feel peace. You feel happiness. No thoughts. No feelings. No worries. Only harmony of the inner and outer world. You are in Bakota, one of the most beautiful and amazing places in Ukraine. 

想象一下，您正站在山的斜坡上，并为您带来令人叹为观止的景色。 阳光明亮而晴朗。 微风几乎没有明显和温暖。 您会在下面看到一个大海湾。 水安静而平静地流动。 树上的叶子轻轻沙沙作响。 你感到和平。 你感到幸福。 没有想法。 没有感觉。 不用担心。 只有内在和外部世界的和谐。 您在乌克兰最美丽，最神奇的地方巴科塔。 

Bakota was a village in the Khmelnytskyi region in the west of Ukraine. The name Bakota was first mentioned in writings in 1024. In the 12th century, it was a large trading port on the Dniester River with a population of about 2,500 people. 

巴科塔是乌克兰西部Khmelnytskyi地区的一个村庄。 巴科塔这个名字首先在1024年的著作中提到。在12世纪，它是Dniester河上的一个大型贸易港口，人口约为2500人。 

The region was ruled in succession by the Mongol-Tatars, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland. Despite pressure from the invaders, Bakota managed to fight for freedom and preserve its cultural identity. 

该地区由蒙古塔塔尔，立陶宛大公爵和波兰王国连续统治。 尽管有侵略者的压力，巴科塔还是为自由而战，并保留了其文化认同。 

In 1972, the government started construction of the Dniester hydroelectric station in this region. And Soviet authorities decided to flood the settlement. All the buildings were to be destroyed. Trees were cut down and burned. And cemeteries were moved to new places. 

1972年，政府开始在该地区建造DNiester水力发电站。 苏联当局决定淹没解决方案。 所有建筑物都将被摧毁。 树木被砍伐并烧毁。 墓地被移至新地方。 

The locals had to destroy their own houses - their history - and stop farming and gardening. The planned resettlement took eight years. In 1981, the village of Bakota ceased to exist. Officials spent the next six years to fill the area with water. 

当地人不得不摧毁自己的房屋 - 他们的历史 - 停止耕种和园艺。 计划的安置花费了八年。 1981年，巴科塔村不再存在。 官员们在接下来的六年中用水填充该地区。

The only thing left of the old village is a cave monastery. 

旧村庄唯一剩下的就是一个洞穴修道院。 

The cave is located inside White Mountain, about 70 meters above the Dniester River. The oldest archaeological finds in the area date back to the second millennium BC. 

该洞穴位于白山内，在Dniester河上方约70米处。 该地区最古老的考古发现可以追溯到公元前第二千年。 

The website Blog about tours to Ukraine says the monks first came to the cave in the 11th century. There were also reports that St. Anthony, the founder of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra cave monastery, once visited the area. During the Mongol invasion in the middle of the 13th century, both monks and peasants from nearby villages used the cave as a hiding place. By the 15th century, the monks left the area as several landslides destroyed many of the caves inside the soft sandstone of White Mountain. 

关于乌克兰旅行的网站博客说，僧侣在11世纪首次来到洞穴。 还有报道说，曾访问过该地区的基夫 - 佩奇克·拉夫拉（Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra）洞穴修道院的创始人圣安东尼（St. Anthony）。 在13世纪中叶的蒙古入侵期间，来自附近村庄的僧侣和农民都将洞穴作为藏身之处。 到15世纪，僧侣离开了该地区，几只滑坡摧毁了白山软砂岩内的许多洞穴。

There are several springs on the mountain, just below the cave. The cool spring water is tasty. Locals believe that the spring water can heal and treat different diseases. 

山上有几个泉水，就在山洞下方。 凉爽的春水很美味。 当地人认为，泉水可以治愈和治疗不同的疾病。 

Today, Bakota Bay, the cave and the springs often draw visitors to the area, about 300 kilometers from the western Ukrainian city of Lviv. And many leave behind ribbons and personal items along the path to the healing springs. 

如今，巴科塔湾，洞穴和泉水经常吸引距离乌克兰西部利沃夫市约300公里的该地区的游客。 许多人沿着通往治愈弹簧的道路留下了丝带和个人物品。

Today we are at the Newseum in Washington D.C. – where the history of free expression is explained and defended. 

今天，我们在华盛顿特区的Newseum - 解释和捍卫自由表达的历史。 

The first printing presses arrived in the United States in the mid-1600s, marking an important step in the history of America’s free press. 

第一批印刷机于1600年代中期到达美国，这标志着美国自由出版社历史上的重要一步。 

A free press is important in democratic society. It allows citizens to speak freely and criticize the country's leaders without fear. Some journalists have even lost their lives for that right. 

自由媒体在民主社会中很重要。 它使公民可以自由讲话，并批评该国的领导人而毫不恐惧。 一些记者甚至因这项权利而丧生。 

But, it can also lead to news that is false. Last year, a fake news story about a Washington pizza restaurant went viral, causing a gunman to open fire at the business. 

但是，这也可能导致新闻是错误的。 去年，一个关于华盛顿披萨餐厅的虚假新闻传播开来，导致枪手在业务上开火。 

One of the most common terms we hear today is “fake news.” The public and politicians use it to talk about the news reports they do not think are accurate. 

我们今天听到的最常见的术语之一是“假新闻”。 公众和政客们用它来谈论他们认为不准确的新闻报道。 

While people have paid much attention to the term in recent years, the problem is not new. False news reports have been around since modern journalism started. 

尽管人们近年来对该术语非常关注，但问题并不是什么新鲜事。 自现代新闻业开始以来，虚假的新闻报道就已经存在。 

Today, information moves around us in many forms, every hour of every day. Even if we do not seek out news on our own, we often receive it anyway, instantly, on our phones. 

今天，信息以多种形式（每天的每小时）以多种形式转移。 即使我们不独自寻找新闻，我们还是经常在手机上立即收到它。 

So how can we manage this mountain of information so that fake news does not mislead us? 

那么，我们如何管理这一信息，以免假新闻误导我们呢？ 

We believe this requires news literacy. News literacy is the ability to use critical thinking skills to judge news reports. Are they credible? Can you rely on the reports to be true? 

我们相信这需要新闻素养。 新闻素养是使用批判性思维技能来评判新闻报道的能力。 他们可信吗？ 您可以依靠报告是真的吗？ 

We use real media examples to teach useful skills and methods to recognize journalism over other kinds of information. We examine the differences between facts and what people report in the media as truth. 

我们使用真实的媒体示例教授有用的技能和方法，以识别新闻界对其他信息。 我们研究事实与人们在媒体中报道的事实之间的差异。 

The course provides tools to identify real and reliable news sources. And, it demonstrates ways to separate news from opinion. 

该课程提供了确定真实可靠的新闻来源的工具。 而且，它展示了将新闻与意见分开的方法。 

Professors at Stony Brook University in New York created the News Literacy education program. We will share it with you in simple English on VOA Learning English. 

纽约Stony Brook大学的教授创建了新闻识字教育计划。 我们将以简单的英语在VOA学习英语中与您分享。 

The need for news literacy is possibly greater now than ever before. Learning this important skill can give us the power to take full control of our own search for the truth. 

现在，对新闻素养的需求可能比以往任何时候都更大。 学习这种重要技能可以使我们能够完全控制自己对真理的搜索。 

Because as we’ve seen many times before, some news presented as truth can actually turn out to be completely false. 

因为正如我们以前见过的很多次，所以一些作为真理的消息实际上可能完全是错误的。 

Springtime is a time of renewal and growth. Many plants end their long winter sleep and form new buds and shoots. Beautiful flowers will soon be showing their bright colors. And the grass will grow thicker and greener again. 

春天是一个更新和增长的时期。 许多植物结束了漫长的冬季睡眠，形成了新的芽和芽。 美丽的花很快就会显示出鲜艳的色彩。 草将越来越浓密，越来越绿。 

Some flowers bloom in a very noticeable way but that is not the case with grass. Imagine you are sitting in a grassy field. And you have only one job – to watch the grass grow. That does not sound very interesting. In fact, it sounds really boring. 

有些花以非常明显的方式绽放，但是草并非如此。 想象您坐在草地上。 而且您只有一份工作 - 看着草生长。 这听起来并不有趣。 实际上，这听起来真的很无聊。

That idea is what gives us the expression “like watching grass grow.” We use this expression to describe an experience that is uninteresting. Another good word to describe it is tedious. 

这个想法使我们表达“就像看草的成长”。 我们使用此表达式描述一种无趣的经历。 描述它的另一个好词很乏味。 

We use this expression in many situations. Let’s hear a few examples: 

我们在许多情况下都使用此表达式。 让我们听听一些例子： 

After the politician won his campaign, he gave a two-hour long acceptance speech. 

Two hours! It was as much fun as watching grass grow. 

I really don’t like watching long sports games. It’s like watching grass grow.

Now, grass grows on the ground all the time. And usually, we don’t give it much thought. If you stand in one place for a long time, the grass will continue to grow under your feet. 

现在，草一直在地上生长。 通常，我们不会考虑太多。 如果您在一个地方长时间站在一个地方，则草将继续生长在您的脚下。 

For people who are always active, always moving, always on-the-go, we can say they don't let grass grow under their feet. We can also say beneath their feet. And sometimes we use this expression as a command. 

对于那些总是活跃，总是动，总是随身携带的人，我们可以说他们不会让草在脚下生长。 我们也可以在他们的脚下说。 有时，我们将此表达式用作命令。 

Let’s hear some examples: 

让我们听听一些例子： 

Don’t let the grass grow beneath your feet. 

Get back to work. She certainly doesn’t let the grass grow under her feet. 

She’s been traveling non-stop for over a year.

A human brain turned to glass by a volcano… It sounds like bad science fiction. And when archaeologists first found glass fragments inside a skull in ancient Herculaneum in Italy, they were mystified. They deduced that the pea-sized chunks of black glass were the fossilised remains of the brain of a man aged about twenty. He was killed by the massive Vesuvius eruption that buried his town and the sister city of Pompeii. But experts didn't understand how his soft brain, could have been transformed into glass. 

一个人类大脑被火山变成了玻璃，这听上去像是一部糟糕的科幻作品。当考古学家们起初发现了意大利赫库兰尼姆古城中一个头骨内的玻璃碎片时，他们感到十分困惑。考古学家推断，这些豌豆大小的黑色玻璃块是一名二十岁左右男子的变成化石的大脑残骸。这名男子死于维苏威火山的一次剧烈喷发，这次喷发掩埋了他所在的城市以及其姊妹城庞贝。但专家们曾一度不清楚这名男子柔软的大脑如何被转变为了玻璃。

Now scientists from the University Roma Tre say that a huge ash cloud rushed down the mountain enveloping the victim. It heated up his brain to at least 510 degrees Celsius before rapidly cooling. It created unique fragments of a man who suffered a violent death but left behind incredible scientific evidence of a spectacular volcanic eruption. 

现在，来自罗马第三大学的科学家们表示，一片巨大的火山灰云从山上直泻而下包围了这名牺牲者。这片火山灰云把他大脑的温度加热到至少 510 摄氏度后又令其迅速下降。这一过程创造出了来自该男子的一块独特的碎片，他虽然不幸地死于非命，但也留下了一份不可思议的科学证据来见证一次蔚为壮观的火山喷发。 

1  Most people can see at least a million different colours, but have you ever thought why they're important? Colours often have meanings and act as signs. They're a way of communicating, even when we don't notice them.

1大多数人可以看到至少一百万种不同的颜色，但是您是否想过为什么它们很重要？ 颜色通常具有含义并充当迹象。 即使我们没有注意到它们，它们即使是一种交流方式。 

2  The development of colours in the environment may be linked to the science of evolution. As living organisms developed a sense of vision, they were able to explore the environment around them. As vision developed and living creatures became able to distinguish colours, fruits began to use them to attract animals to propagate their seeds. Flowers developed bright colours to attract pollinators, and venomous or poisonous animals were able to use their bold shades as a warning. 

2环境中颜色的发展可能与进化科学有关。 随着活生物体发展出一种视力，他们能够探索周围的环境。 随着视觉发展并能够区分颜色的生物，水果开始使用它们吸引动物传播种子。 花发展了鲜艳的色彩来吸引传粉媒介，有毒或有毒动物能够将其大胆的阴影作为警告。 

3  Humans have also evolved to use these signs to interpret the world. Colour is often an indication that tells us when fruit or vegetables can be eaten, that they're not unripe or rotten. We've also developed our own colour signals to communicate. The red of a traffic light or a warning sign tells us about potential dangers or the precautions we need to take. Electrical wires use different colours to tell us how to connect them safely.

3人类也进化起来使用这些迹象来解释世界。 颜色通常表明何时可以吃水果或蔬菜，它们不是未成熟的或腐烂的。 我们还开发了自己的颜色信号进行交流。 交通信号灯或警告标志的红色告诉我们有关潜在的危险或我们需要采取的预防措施。 电线使用不同的颜色告诉我们如何安全地连接它们。 

4  Colours can be used as signifiers in more complex ways. Meanings can be transferred into different contexts – food products are sometimes labelled with red, yellow or green according to their nutritional content, borrowing the colours from traffic signals. Some signs are less obvious. Consumer brands use different colours in their logos, packaging, products, and advertising to send us messages about their values. For example, luxury goods often use dark but intense colours as a mark of quality, while those aimed at children use bold, bright colours.We might only notice this if companies use the 'wrong' colours. Studies have shown that people are less likely to buy something if it's branded with an inappropriate colour. 

4种颜色可以以更复杂的方式用作指示符。 含义可以转移到不同的情况下 - 有时根据其营养含量将食品用红色，黄色或绿色标记，从交通信号中借用颜色。 有些迹象不太明显。 消费者品牌在其徽标，包装，产品和广告中使用不同的颜色向我们发送有关其价值的消息。 例如，奢侈品经常使用深色但强烈的颜色作为质量的标志，而针对儿童的奢侈品则使用大胆，明亮的颜色。我们只有在公司使用“错误”颜色时才注意到这一点。 研究表明，如果人们以不适当的颜色品牌购买商品，人们就不太可能购买东西。 

5  Whether human-made or natural, and whether we consciously notice them or not, colours tell us a lot about the world around us. 

5无论是人造还是自然，无论我们有意识地注意到它们，颜色都告诉我们很多关于我们周围世界的信息。 

Mary Kay Cosmetics is an international company that sells beauty products.

Mary Kay Cosmetics是一家销售美容产品的国际公司。 

One woman started the business in the 1960s with an investment of $5,000.

一名妇女在1960年代创办了这项业务，投资5,000美元。 

Mary Kathlyn Wagner was born in the state of Texas in 1918. For much of her childhood, she cared for her sick father while her mother worked long hours at a restaurant. 

玛丽·凯瑟琳·瓦格纳（Mary Kathlyn Wagner）于1918年出生于德克萨斯州。童年的大部分时间，她的母亲在餐厅长时间工作时，她照顾生病的父亲。 

Mary Kay married Ben Rogers when she was 17 years old. They had three children before he left home to serve in World War Two. When he returned, their marriage ended. Mary Kay looked for a job so she could support her children. 

玛丽·凯（Mary Kay）17岁时与本·罗杰斯（Ben Rogers）结婚。 他们在他离开家之前有三个孩子在第二次世界大战中服役。 当他回来时，他们的婚姻结束了。 玛丽·凯（Mary Kay）寻找工作，以便她可以养活自己的孩子。 

She began selling different kinds of products. One night, Mary Kay was showing products at the home of Ova Heath Spoonemore. Ms. Spoonemore began giving her guests some homemade skin care products. The products were developed by her father, J.W. Heath, in Arkansas. Mary Kay tried the skin care products and liked them. 

她开始销售各种产品。 一天晚上，玛丽·凯（Mary Kay）在Ova Heath Spoonemore的家中展示产品。 Spoonemore女士开始给客人一些自制的皮肤护理产品。 这些产品是由她的父亲J.W.开发的 希思，在阿肯色州。 玛丽·凯（Mary Kay）尝试了皮肤护理产品并喜欢它们。

She bought the rights to Heath’s skin care products and started her own company. She paid $500 for the legal rights to the products. And in 1963, The Mary Kay Cosmetics company began operating in Dallas, Texas. 

她购买了希思皮肤护理产品的权利，并创立了自己的公司。 她为产品的合法权利支付了500美元。 1963年，玛丽·凯化妆品公司（Mary Kay Cosmetics Company）开始在德克萨斯州达拉斯（Dallas）运营。 

The idea was to sell skin care products through demonstrations in homes and offices. Independent sales representatives bought beauty products from the company and sold them at higher prices. 

这个想法是通过在家庭和办公室的示威来出售护肤产品。 独立的销售代表从公司购买了美容产品，并以更高的价格出售它们。 

Mary Kay decided that each representative who brought other saleswomen into the company would receive part of the new person’s earnings. That way, experienced sales representatives would be willing to train new ones.

 玛丽·凯（Mary Kay）决定，每个将其他销售妇女带入公司的代表都将获得新人的一部分收益。 这样，经验丰富的销售代表愿意培训新的代表。 

By 1965, the company was selling almost one million dollars in products. 

到1965年，该公司销售了将近一百万美元的产品。 

Mary Kay Cosmetics became one of the most successful direct sellers of skin care products in America. It continues to have sales offices and representatives in many different countries. 

玛丽·凯化妆品（Mary Kay Cosmetics）成为美国皮肤护理产品中最成功的直接卖家之一。 它继续在许多不同国家拥有销售办公室和代表。

Mary Kay aimed to grow sales based on the idea that it is best to compete against yourself. That means every individual is trying to beat their own sales records. Prizes for high sales marks included special paid holidays and jewelry. Until a few years ago, a pink Cadillac was a top prize. 

玛丽·凯（Mary Kay）的目的是基于最好的观念，即最好与自己竞争。 这意味着每个人都试图击败自己的销售记录。 高销售标记的奖品包括特殊的带薪假期和珠宝。 直到几年前，粉红色的凯迪拉克还是最高奖项。

After her third husband, Mel Ash, died of cancer in 1980, she wanted to help find a cure for the disease. At first, she helped organizations raise money for research. 

她的第三任丈夫梅尔·阿什（Mel Ash）于1980年因癌症去世后，她想帮助找到治疗这种疾病。 起初，她帮助组织筹集资金进行研究。 

Later, she started the Mary Kay Ash Charitable Foundation, a nonprofit group that provides money to support research on cancers affecting women. In 2001, the company and foundation expanded their goals to help prevent violence against women. 

后来，她成立了玛丽·凯·阿什（Mary Kay Ash）慈善基金会，该基金会是一个非营利组织，该基金会提供资金来支持对影响女性的癌症的研究。 2001年，该公司和基金会扩大了目标，以帮助防止对妇女的暴力行为。

Mary Kay Ash also wrote three books. She worked in her business until she suffered a stroke in 1996. She died in 2001.

玛丽·凯·阿什（Mary Kay Ash）也写了三本书。 她从事业务工作，直到1996年中风为止。她于2001年去世。

Sales representatives say Mary Kay developed a way for women to earn money and still spend time with their families. 

销售代表说，玛丽·凯（Mary Kay）为妇女开发了一种赚钱并仍然与家人共度时光的方式。

In air extracted from sarcophagi sealed for thousands of years, researchers in Cairo detected woody, spicy, herbal and rancid notes and also hints of smoke, mould, flowers and dust. 

开罗的研究人员在从密封了数千年的石棺内提取出的空气中检测出了木质香、香料味、草药味、腐臭味等气味，还有些许烟熏味、霉味、花香和灰尘味。 

They used the human nose and scientific instruments to investigate the aromas from the elaborately wrapped bodies of Egypt's ancient ruling classes. 

研究人员用了人的鼻子和科学仪器来研究被精心包裹的古埃及统治阶层的遗骸中散发出的香气。 

The new approach aims to remove the need for samples to be taken from the mummy itself, and to help conservators know when preservation treatment may be needed, as well as to bring back to life some of the smells and fragrances of the times of the ancient pharaohs.

这个新的研究方法旨在免除从木乃伊本体取样的必要性，并帮助文物保护人员鉴别木乃伊何时需要进行防腐保存处理。除此之外，这样也能让古代法老时代的一些气味和芳香重现天日。