In this episode, Uzair talks to Mishal S. Khan about the ways in which doctors are incentivized to over-prescribe medications to patients in Pakistan. This is something many of us have known about anecdotally, but now we have research to tell us about how widespread this problem could be. Mishal S. Khan is a Professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the UK and Visiting Faculty at Aga Khan University, Pakistan. Guest’s profile link - https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/aboutus/people/khan.mishal-s More details about the study - https://www.patientsnotprofits.org Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 2:00 Key findings 6:50 Does ethics training help? 11:30 Local v. international companies 14:40 Methodology 18:10 Pressure by patients 21:00 Policy recommendations 24:50 What can individuals do? 28:39 Reading recommendations Reading recommendations: - Why we sleep by Matthew Walker - Poems by Faiz

Pakistan’s cities are choking on smog, with the cities in Punjab including Lahore being the worst impacted. In this episode, Uzair talks to Abid Omar about what is causing this air pollution crisis in the country and what can be done about it. Abid Omar is the founder of the Pakistan Air Quality Initiative, which provides community-driven air quality data and resources to increase social awareness. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 2:30 What is going on? 12:10 Transportation’s impact 26:20 Things that can be done to solve the crisis 42:50 Do we need more data? Reading recommendations: - Factfulness by Hans Rosling - The Economics of Air Pollution in China by Ma Jun - A Suitable Boy by Vikram Seth

Uzair talks to Shadi Hamid on the US elections and the difficult choice American-Muslims are having to make in this cycle given the choices on offer. Shadi shared his own thoughts on how the Biden administration utterly failed when it comes to stopping the ongoing orgy of violence in Gaza. We also talk about why Kamala Harris has failed to engage with the community during the campaign, and the threat Trump represents to both Arab and Muslim lives at home and abroad. Shadi Hamid is a columnist at the Washington Post and author of the book The problem of democracy: America, the Middle East, and the rise and fall of an idea. He also co-hosts the podcast The Wisdom of Crowds. Episode Links: - https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/shadi-hamid/ - https://www.amazon.com/Problem-Democracy-America-Middle-East/dp/0197579469 - https://wisdomofcrowds.live/podcast Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 3:00 Is this an inflection point for Muslim-Americans? 11:28 Democrats v. Republicans 18:10 Why do people think Trump is better? 24:50 Democrat’s failure to engage 32:45 US policy on democracy 40:15 Nuance and politics 44:25 Engaging on foreign policy 50:29 Conclusion Reading recommendations: - Light Years by James Salter - The Study Quran

Uzair talks to Nayyera Haq about the upcoming U.S. elections and what it means for the country, especially for immigrants and members of the American-Pakistani diaspora. We talked about the recent endorsement by PAKPAC for Donald Trump, the impact of the war in Gaza on voters, and scenarios for election night. Nayyera Haq is a seasoned communications strategist, speaker, and former White House Senior Director and diplomat known for her expertise in helping leaders communicate powerfully and authentically. As a respected political commentator, she regularly appears on outlets like CNN and MSNBC discussing global affairs, culture, and policy. Nayyera also hosts of the TrailBlaze podcast and talk radio on SiriusXM, where she amplifies diverse perspectives and thought leadership. With her dynamic career at the intersection of journalism and communication, Nayyera is a trusted voice in shaping public narratives. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:45 Pakistanis supporting Trump 13:55 Muslim-Americans and Gaza 25:50 State of the political race 33:10 Countering Trump rigging allegations 37:35 Future of the Republicans 45:15 Future of the Democrats 51:45 Elections and foreign policy

In this episode, Uzair has a broad conversation with Fasi Zaka about whats going on in Pakistan with the recent student protests, the constitutional amendments, and the state of the broader information ecosystem. We also talked about two of the weirdest amendments being discussed as part of the proposed constitutional amendments and what they mean for Pakistan. Fasi Zaka is a Pakistani political commentator, columnist, radio talk show host, and television anchor. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 3:20 What’s going on in the PTI? 19:20 Rape allegations and protests 31:20 Media ecosystem and regulations 52:01 Pakistani diaspora supports Trump? 1:00:10 Gaza and the media 1:06:15 Constitutional amendments

Political tensions continue to brew in Pakistan, with the Sharif government facing issues both in Islamabad and in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. In this episode, Uzair talks to Arifa Noor about the latest political developments in Pakistan. Arifa Noor is a journalist with Dawn and host of the shows Newswise. We covered what going on with the announcement to ban and then un-ban the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM), why the Tehreek-e-Insaf is facing challenges in achieving its goals via protests, and the reasons for the PML-N’s growing confidence in the economy. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:30 PTM ban 21:20 PTI protests and its impact 28:10 Centers of power in Pakistan 36:53 Economic stability and PML-N’s confidence 51:25 Bilawal’s role in constitutional amendment

The world seems like it is staring into the abyss, with conflicts breaking out across Eurasia. Does this mean that we are entering a new global conflict where the three great powers – the United States, Russia, and China – are entering into direct conflict? What role are smaller powers such as Israel and Iran, playing in all of this? And what do the political systems in the great powers tell us about what comes next? These are the big questions that Dr. Kamran Bokhari tries to answer in this conversation. Dr. Kamran Bokhari is the Senior Director of the Eurasian Security and Prosperity portfolio at the New Lines Institute. He served as Director of the Analytical Development Department from 2019 to 2023. Dr. Bokhari is also a national security and foreign policy specialist at the University of Ottawa’s Professional Development Institute. Some of the recent pieces of analyses he has written are worth a read: - https://newlinesinstitute.org/political-systems/post-khamenei-iran-the-future-of-evolutionary-regime-change/ - https://geopoliticalfutures.com/irans-regional-position-is-crumbling/ - https://geopoliticalfutures.com/southwest-asias-shatter-belt/ Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:45 Are we in a third world war? 13:10 Evolution of warfare 22:10 Role of smaller powers 31:30 Critiquing the Washington Beltway consensus 43:30 Assessing China and Russia 59:02 Future scenarios 1:15:30 US elections and foreign policy

In this episode, Uzair talks Khurram Husain about the recent agreement between Pakistan and the IMF, which has secured a 3-year $7 billion programme. We talked about what comes next for the economy and why the hard work is only just beginning. In addition, we focused on Pakistan’s debt sustainability, with Khurram sharing his perspective on why restructuring debt is perhaps not the right path for the country at this point in time. The articles we referred to in our conversation are linked below: - https://www.dawn.com/news/1859741/shaky-stability - https://www.dawn.com/news/1861209/and-audits-for-all - https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2024/08/28/break-the-taboos-propping-up-unsustainable-debt-pleads-a-former-central-banker - https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/pakistan-needs-public-debt-restructuring-by-sanjay-kathuria-1-2024-09 Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 0:45 Debt restructuring for Pakistan 13:16 IMF agreement and its implications 22:55 Petrol prices and relief 29:10 Politics and the current status quo 36:25 Conclusion

In this episode, Uzair talks to Salahuddin Ahmed about the ongoing moves to amend Pakistan’s constitution and its drivers. We focused on the role of the Supreme Court, why the government is pushing through a new ordinance to change the court’s procedures, and the impact of political polarization on the superior judiciary. We also talked about why these proposed changes matter to ordinary citizens, and the outlook for Pakistan’s democracy. Salahuddin Ahmed is a lawyer and former president of the Sindh High Court Bar Association. He recently wrote a must-read piece on these proposed amendments which you can read here - https://www.dawn.com/news/1859376/constitutional-package-judicial-overhaul-or-national-suicide Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 2:10 Ordinance issued by government 19:10 What does the government want to achieve? 31:00 Politics and judiciary 36:50 Patronage and the courts 42:05 Why should citizens care? 56:30 Paving the way for authoritarian rule

Pakistan’s parliament has historically been one of the weakest institutions in the country, but even by those standards, events that transpired over this past week have set a new low. Masked men entered parliament and took away numerous PTI legislators, who were subsequently arrested by the police. This has caused an uproar across the country, with the PTI leading the charge in terms of talking about the sustained and accelerating decimation of the rule of law and democracy in the country. In this episode, Uzair talks to Salman Akram Raja about what happened in parliament and what comes next. Mr. Raja is Secretary General of the PTI and a senior supreme court lawyer. We also talked about coalition building and how the PTI intends to reach out to other groups who have been protesting against similar violations for years. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:45 What happened in parliament? 8:30 Ways to strengthen parliament 13:50 Situation in the judiciary 20:45 What is the PTI’s overall engagement strategy? 26:10 Gandapur, divisions, and coalition building 31:40 PTI’s outreach to PTM and others

In this episode, Uzair talks to Tabarak Rehman who is attempting to become the first person ever to run 1,400 kilometers across the length of Pakistan to raise awareness around the country’s education crisis. His goal is to raise $1 million for The Citizens Foundation, an incredible non-profit that operates nearly 2,000 schools in Pakistan. Tabarak is a New York-based Turnaround & Restructuring Consultant at AlixPartners, who’s also super passionate about educating Pakistani students. Through his social media, he has guided hundreds of Pakistani students toward higher education in the U.S., even helping secure over a million dollars in student loans for at least 30 of them. His academic journey started from his boarding high school, Cadet College Hasan Abdal after which he went to IBA Karachi for his undergrad and then Northeastern University in Boston, where he earned his Master's degree. He also holds a CFA Charter. You can support Tabarak’s cause here - https://fundraise.tcfglobal.org/fundraiser/384593207740/tabarak-runs-across-pakistan-for-education Follow Tabarak’s run here - https://www.instagram.com/tabarakruns/ Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 3:20 Tabarak’s journey 14:45 Resources for getting an education in the US 20:30 Running 1,400 kilometers 26:30 Training regimen 32:00 How to help 38:10 Reading recommendations Reading recommendations: - David and Goliath by Malcolm Gladwell - The Richest Man in Babylon by George Clason - Built to Last by James C. Collins and Jerry I. Porras