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Anarchitecture

Anarchitecture

An architect and an engineer discuss how the State influences development of the Built Environment, and consider alternative, non-aggressive means for resolving conflict and promoting cooperation in the development of the built environment.

  • 1 hour 48 minutes
    ana036: Post-Libertarianism | A Strategy for Libertarian Communities?

    We grapple with the recent “Post-Libertarian” vs. “Lolbert” schism in the broader liberty movement.

    Are libertarian principles antithetical to achieving a libertarian society?

    Use hashtag #ana036 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment

    View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana036.

    ----more----

     

    Intro

    What is Post-libertarianism? Are we Lolberts?

    Discussion
    • A schism in libertarianism: Post-libertarians vs Lolberts
      • The Covid response – Threats of authoritarianism are no longer theoretical
      • Ease of putting draconian measures in place
      • The message of liberty isn’t enough. People aren’t interested in our kind of freedom
      • They will never leave you alone
      • Pete Quinones – the "actually records podcast episodes" strategy
    • The Not Racist throat clear
      • Zoning is racist
      • The left runs right to the bottom of the slippery slope
      • Class issues as race issues
      • We solved racism
    • Post-libertarianism – What’s it all about?
      • Mostly about racism LOL
      • Former libertarians more focused on pragmatism
      • Lolberts – Libertarians who aren’t serious about actually achieving liberty. Like us!
    • The non-aggression principle – not a complete moral theory
      • Adherence to NAP is a means, not an end
      • We’re all shooting for Christ
      • Consequentialist – Free markets tend to lead to better outcomes
      • Misesian utilitarianism – Do my selected means actually achieve my stated ends?
      • All morality is subjective
      • Fruitarianism – A weird thing to get worked up about, just like libertarianism
    • Centralized hierarchies are efficient
      • We haven’t released an episode because of a crisis of faith
      • What kind of organization is most efficient?
      • Curtis Yarvin – monarchist thing
      • Good Will Hunting 2: Hunting Season
      • “I’ve read shit you’ve never even heard of”
      • Right-wing takeover is not a realistic strategy
    • Hoppean covenant communities – big fish in a small pond
      • A canonical libertarian solution
      • Libertarians are averse to power
      • Voting Good Actually
      • The most revolutionary thing you can do is go to an area that’s already Republican and vote Republican
      • Disempowerment by Democracy
    • Strategies for liberty
      • The Free State Project – Electoral success
      • The Mises Caucus – Splitting the vote?
      • Post-libertarian Strategy – Localism approach, oppose left-wing Democrats with right-wing Republicans
      • Living in a cabin in the woods actually not a great strategy
      • Community – The greatest strength of the Free State Project
      • Clubhouses – The Shell, The Praxeum, The Quill, (Keene Clubhouse???)
      • Dave Smith – The next libertarian presidential candidate?
      • Spreading the message on big platforms
      • L is for Liability
      • If you can’t win, get them talking about issues you care about. Force the debate to happen.
      • The Post-Libertarian strategy – Raise up local elites
      • Bring libertarian message to elites
      • Meta-strategy – An ecosystem of complementary strategies
    • Localism
      • Australia’s Agenda 21 regional governments
      • New Hampshire’s town hall meetings
      • The Joe’s garden to Fruitarian pipeline
    • A false dichotomy between liberty and power
      • “Freedom” (a word Tim made up) = The ability to act (“Power”) according to your will (“Liberty”)
      • Political power, economic power, technological power
      • Liberty – Other people don’t have the ability to prevent you from acting in the way you want to act
      • Political liberty, social liberty, economic liberty
      • Post-libertarians oppose having people who don’t agree with you having power over you
    • Power is conserved?
      • No – Power is not a zero-sum game
      • “If I were President”
      • The Iron Law of Oligarchy
    • Could an anarcho-capitalist society be stable?
      • Competing corporations act as a shadow government for a Yarvinian AnCap revolution
      • How we get there matters
      • Anarcho-capitalist trash service – $6 a week
      • Schools – Have the money follow the student
      • Groceries – Pay for food based on the value of your house (property taxes)?
      • Disconnect between what people use, costs of services, and what people are willing to pay
      • Roads – Fees for use
      • Replace government in incremental ways, not wholesale
    • The Anti-Tax – Local sovereign wealth fund
      • Local governments are insolvent
      • Failed infrastructure is a default
      • Strong Towns – Align payments with cost of infrastructure
      • Sovereign wealth requires wealth
    • Comparing strategies
      • Who’s funding your coup?
      • The “listen to our podcast” strategy
      • Ancap strategy – Decentralize institutions and hope they can stay decentralized
      • Post-libertarian strategy – Assume institutions will become centralized and get your friends into the oligarchy
      • Ancap strategy – Competitive market of corporations with limited scope.
      • Competition and stratification. Resilient to the Iron Law of Oligarchy?
    • Liberalize individual services rather than replacing government wholesale.
      • Fees for service and use – More fair payment, better alignment of demand with costs
      • Government services that aren’t funded by taxes aren’t a “government” service
      • Levels of government ownership:
      • City owns trash trucks and employees, funds with property tax
      • City bids out trash collection service, funds with property tax
      • City bids out trash collection service, mandates and charges each house for their trash pickup
      • City offers trash pickup service for a fee but does not mandate it. People can use the city service, hire their own trash pickup service, or take their own trash to the dump.
      • City does not offer trash pickup service and does not mandate it.  People choose to pay for their own trash pickup or take their trash to the dump themselves.
    • 10,000 Lichtensteins
      • Geographically decentralized, autonomous political units
      • “Europe started out as 10,000 Lichtensteins, and now they have one Lichtenstein and one EU.”
      • Need to trade with each other, discover efficiencies through consolidation
    • Just keep your friends in power – high risk, high reward strategy
      • Finite and Infinite Games
      • Finite Game – You win, then use force to quash your enemies. High-time preference
      • Infinite Game – Point is to keep playing. Win-win, self-reinforcing. Lower time-preference
      • Power games are pencils standing on their ends – they require force to maintain.
      • If monarchy is your strategy, then who’s your guy?
      • The problem is always getting the right people in power.
    • Covenant community – We’re going to get a whole group of the right people together. This is a challenge.
      • What happens down the road?
      • Does the community get a say over who you sell your property to?
      • The bigger the community gets, the harder it is to remain cohesive
      • The more authority and property rights you cede to the community, the further you get from the type of liberty you wanted in the first place
      • Covenant community strategy assumes away the fundamental problem of political theory: How do you get people with different interests to live together peacefully?
      • The smaller the community is, the less power and amenities you have
      • The larger the community is, it becomes harder to maintain the original set of values
      • If you have to write it into a covenant, you’ve already lost
    • Agreeing to physical removal.
      • Future generations – I didn’t sign shit.
      • Hoppe’s physical removal – Community seizes ownership of private property to remove communists
      • Buy them out instead?
      • Community decision making – Stuff doesn’t get done.
      • What is the threshold to justify removal?
      • Hard to maintain community cohesion in a highly mobile society
      • You can’t build a community around strategy alone
    • Postlibertarian focus on culture rather than ideology
      • Traditional development depended on strong community, then reinforced it
      • Inverse relationship between technology and community
      • Transportation and communication technologies free people from interdependence on their local community
      • Shared culture can give a community a sense of purpose
      • Blood and soil – People care about their place, family, and national identity. Also a dog-whistle.
    • Culture – Just because you can understand it doesn’t mean you can change it
      • The water you swim in
      • Cultures can change through attraction, but it’s not just a club. There is no such thing as a Culture Club.
      • Post-libertarians finding common cause with anti-woke culture
      • “Groomer” – Serves the same function for the right as the word “Racist” does for the left.
      • Transgression signaling.
      • Post-edgelord
      • Critical mass effect – Doesn’t need to achieve majority support to be effective
    • Are we Lolberts?
      • Post-Libertarianism – Actually still libertarian
      • There’s more than one viable strategy
      • Joe protests against protesting
      • We need to take practical action in the world
      • Anarchitecture exists to test libertarian theory against the real world of the built environment.
    Links/Resources

     

    Episodes Mentioned

     

    Support Anarchitecture Podcast on Patreon!
    27 May 2023, 8:42 am
  • 1 hour 38 minutes
    ana035: Citizen of Nowhere Part 3 | Immigration is a Public Space Issue

    We “rap up” our long lost “Citizen of Nowhere” series, and apply our theory of public space to present a unique perspective on the immigration debate.

    Can Hoppean principles justify open borders?

    Use hashtag #ana035 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment

    View full show notes at https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana035.

     

    ----more----Intro

    A fancy “shout out” to old school rap group Endz n Meanz

    Discussion
    • We started the conversation on immigration, then lost interest
    • Lions of Liberty Debate on Open Borders – Dave Smith vs. Spike Cohen.
      • “Recent” for us means “within the past 12 months or so”
      • Tim’s Public Space theory
      • We want to challenge the one thing Dave and Spike agreed on – exclusive private ownership of public space
      • In a libertarian society, there should be public spaces where the owners can’t exclude people without cause
      • Episode 19 – bad audio, “like reading the dictionary”
    • Hoppe – Of Common, Public, and Private Property
      • Ground our theory within Rothbardian/Hoppean theory
    • Outline
      • Ownership – can be broken down into various rights and privileges, including public rights
      • How to justify eviction rights (privileges) on unowned land
      • Pre-established uses should be preserved
      • What ownership rights can governments claim
      • Homesteading particular uses of property, rather than homesteading a bundle of rights on a property
    • Ownership
      • A bundle of rights
      • Three categories
        • Usus – Use of the land, access to the land
        • Fructus – Fruits of the land, hunting, fishing, gathering
        • Abusus – Right to modify the land, build, mine
        • Right to sell / transfer – selling bundles of rights
      • Various rights could be owned by different people
        • Lease agreement – tenant has Usus, landlord retains Abusus, possums get Fructus
        • Condominium – exclusive Usus, restricted Abusus
        • Trust – land preservation trust, public Usus with restrictions
        • Easement – rights of way granted by road owner to others
      • How do rights get established on unowned land?
        • Non-Aggression Principle – applies regardless of whether land is owned or unowned
        • You can do anything on unowned land as long as your use doesn’t conflict with someone else’s use
        • Example – Homesteader fences established hunting ground
        • Resolving use conflicts without property ownership
        • Private Property ownership – a one-size-fits-all approach
        • Governing the Commons – Elinor Ostrom
      • How is an eviction right established?
        • NAP – should apply to bodily harm only, not “aggression against property”
        • Eviction – a privilege, not a right
        • Theft is deprivation of use, not “aggression against property”
        • What is aggression, is eviction
        • What justifies eviction privilege?
        • Right to defend yourself – applies regardless of who owns property
        • Is this just semantics?
        • On your private property, right to evict gives you maximum freedom on your property
        • Norm / legal standard of eviction avoids conflicts
        • Libertarian theory is consequentialist at heart – based on minimizing potential conflict over scarce resources
      • Pre-established uses protected with an easement
        • Hoppe example :

    How is it possible that formerly unowned common streets can be privatized without thereby generating conflict with others? The short answer is that this can be done provided only that the appropriation of the street does not infringe on the previously established rights—the easements—of private-property owners to use such streets “for free.” Everyone must remain free to walk the street from house to house, through the woods, and onto the lake, just as before. Everyone retains a right-of-way, and hence no one can claim to be made worse off by the privatization of the street.

    HANS HERMAN HOPPE, “OF COMMON, PUBLIC, AND PRIVATE PROPERTY AND THE RATIONALE FOR TOTAL PRIVATIZATION“
    • Hoppe restricts public access to a (poorly) defined group of people
      • Makes sense for a new (greenfield) gated community
      • Rights are “path” dependent
      • How do you determine who gets access?
    • Burden of proof is on the road owner to demonstrate right of eviction
      • Bill of Rights Fallacy
      • Does this mean owner can’t evict anyone?
        • Michael Malice – Pitching a tent on subway tracks
        • Owner can evict those who are acting outside the purpose of the easement
        • An owner who evicts someone is aggressing against that person in the same way as a bum on the sidewalk – interfering with that person’s use of the easement.
      • Intended use of space matters
        • You can’t camp in a playground, and you can’t build a playground on a homeless encampment
        • You can offer a better solution
        • Adverse use and abandonment
        • Mitigation – common in development
    • Government Owned Property
      • What stops a 50 year old TSA agent from wandering around a school?
      • The school wasn’t established as a public space
      • Distinguish between “government owned” space and “public space”
      • Established uses matter regardless of ownership
      • Stop calling government ownership “Public”
        • “Government Owned” and “Non-Government Owned” instead of “Public” and “Private”
    • Government Owned Roads
      • Old, unowned roads
        • Roads established as public access
      • New, government built roads
        • Typically created for general public use
        • Public access not granted by taxpayer funding
        • No way to determine who has a use claim – public access right should be maintained
      • Roads not intended for public use
        • Government (military) facilities, schools
        • Once exclusivity is established, there is no public access
    • Combination of Government vs. Non-Government Roads
      • Privately owned parcels of land, interconnected by a network of easements
      • Once you allow any easement, you necessarily allow a whole network of easements
      • Encirclement
      • A fractal network of easements
      • Could you secure all easements before establishing a property?
      • Your public space ends where my property begins
      • A restricted access grid of roads is encircling every property within it
      • Easement established by accessing property via any path

    An optimally free society is one that has parcels of truly sovereign private property with strong eviction rights, that are interconnected by a network of public roads and public spaces, from which it is difficult to be evicted.

    • Immigration and Public Space
      • No justification for limiting access to public spaces, as long as they are not interfering with the intended use of those spaces by others
      • Hoppean immigration theory – invitation only
        • Ownership of roads doesn’t matter; road owners can’t prevent an invitee from visiting
      • Taxpayer funded welfare complicates the situation
      • Hoppe, the consummate democrat?
      • Place of birth has no relevance
      • Interstate immigration can also strain local systems
      • Allow building and investment to accommodate new people
      • Poor immigrants disincentivised from moving to expensive areas
      • Growing population is generally positive in a free market
      • 100,000 people isn’t that hard to absorb – just go to Houston
      • What about 100,000 people per day?
      • The worst life in America may be better than life elsewhere
      • Keep them out until we can free the markets?
      • Gradual vs. immediate transition to open borders
      • The government can’t stop illegal immigration now
      • A single national border might be less defensible than local borders in every town
      • People inviting immigrants aren’t on the hook to support them – voters in New York inviting immigrants to Texas
      • A fractal border – maximal surface area allows people to spread out
      • The only conflicts would be immigrants impeding on established uses of roads and other public spaces – no different than a homeless problem
      • Immigration is just a particular case of public space
      • Gordian knot of public policy
    • “Rap up”
      • Road owners should not have eviction rights
      • No libertarian justification for prohibiting movement
      • In free markets, localities can adapt to migration
      • Real world arguments
      • People perceive roads as public access
      • No simple solutions
      • A reasonable compromise
    Links/Resources Episodes Mentioned

     

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    21 June 2022, 11:57 am
  • 1 hour 52 minutes
    ana034: Designing Liberland | Tim's Porcfest 2021 Speech

    Tim presented our entry to the Liberland International Design Competition at Porcfest 2021.

    His talk covered:

    • The geographical and political history of Liberland
    • Site and ecology, ground conditions, flooding
    • Energy, Water, Wastewater Infrastructure
    • Transportation
    • Our proposed site layout
    • Blockchain based development incentivisation and infrastructure DAO’s
    • THE LIBERTARIUM
    • Q&A

    Download Slideshow (PDF)

    Our entry to the Liberland Design Competition (download PDF)

    Use hashtag #ana034 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment.

    View full show notes at https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana034.

     

    ----more----Intro (1:55)
    • Liberland is not developable land…
    • Our entry to the Liberland design competition
      • We submitted an engineering report to an architecture design competition
      • Honourable Mention Award
    • Porcfest
      • NHExit venue
      • Over 2,000 people
      • Some real heavyweights
      • Shout outs
      • A 2 hour conversation about privatizing public space (who would listen to 2 hours of.. oh wait)
    • Winners have been announced
    • Summary of presentation
    • Next episode teaser

    Download PDF of Slideshow

    Presentation (14:37)
    • SLIDE 3 – History of Liberland (14:50)
      • Land Parcel between Serbia and Croatia
      • Border dispute
      • Croatian Border Control
    • SLIDE 4 – Hydrological History (16:36)
      • Story of the Danube River
      • Pannonian Sea
      • Flood basin from Alps snow melt
    • SLIDE 5 (17:23)
      • Historical flows
      • Canals and hydropower reduced flow
      • 1894 – Austro-Hungarian Empire dredged canal
    • SLIDE 6 Political History (18:50)
      • Liberland originally part of Hungary
      • WWI, 1918 – borders redrawn to create Yugoslavia
    • SLIDE 7 (19:16)
      • 1945 – Yugoslavia became a Federated Republic
    • SLIDE 8 (20:12)
      • Map of property deed registrations
      • Border established down center of Danube river
    • SLIDE 9 (21:07)
      • Which center?
    • SLIDE 10 (21:31)
      • 1990’s – Yugoslavia broke up, Croatia declared independence
      • Brutal war, ethnic cleansing, bad stuff
      • Liberland encompassed within Serbia during war
      • Boundary not resolved
    • SLIDE 11 (23:02)
      • Present day disputed boundary
      • Vit Jedlicka claimed Liberland
      • Diplomatic efforts for recognition
      • Guy in a pickup truck – Liberland License Plate
    • SLIDE 12 Liberland Design Competition (24:31)
      • We felt obligated to enter
    • SLIDE 13 (25:06)
      • Facebook post of winning entries – click here for links to formal announcements with full resolution posters for winning entries
    • SLIDE 14 (25:29)
      • 8th grade science fair project, or award winning architectural manifesto?
      • Competition forces you to look at Liberland as a real site
      • We dug deep on site analysis
    • SLIDE 15 Design Team (26:16)
      • Tim Brochu, Principal of Adra Architecture and co-host of Anarchitecture Podcast
      • Joe Brochu, Mechanical Engineer and co-host of Anarchitecture Podcast
      • Goshe King and Joe Green, Mechanical Engineers from Angineering Tech Podcast
      • Car Campit, Civil Engineer from Timeline Earth Podcast
      • John Ellis III, Architect who interviewed Tim on our episode 28
      • Palmer Ferguson, Architect
      • Ryan Myers, Architect
      • Andy Boenau, Transportation Planner, author, and host of the podcasts “Urbanism Speakeasy” and “How We Get Around” (https://www.andyboenau.com/)
      • Mat Slaughter, Engineer
    • SLIDE 16 (28:16)
      • Why hasn’t Liberland been developed?
    • SLIDE 17 (28:31)
      • Wetlands
      • Good reasons to protect wetlands
      • Prevent eutrophication from fertilizers
    • SLIDE 18 (29:26)
      • Cute otter
      • Ugly sturgeon
      • Large fish spawning ground
      • RAMSAR – Wetlands of International Importance
    • SLIDE 19 (30:40)
      • Liberland floods
      • 8 meters (24 ft) of flooding
    • SLIDE 20 (31:37)
      • Topographical analysis of flood levels
      • Half of Liberland underwater during recent 100 year floods
      • Import fill?
    • SLIDE 21 (32:42)
      • Eutric Fluvisol, aka “Mud”
      • Soil good for growing things, unless you want to grow a city
    • SLIDE 22 (33:49)
      • Why hasn’t Liberland been developed?
    • SLIDE 23 (33:54)
      • Because Liberland is not developable land
    • SLIDE 24 (34:13)
      • Next best idea is Seasteading, in the middle of the ocean
      • Liberland’s not looking too bad!
    • SLIDE 25 Opportunities for Autonomy (34:26)
      • International waterway
      • Investment in economically depressed region
      • International multi-cultural society
      • Win-Win solutions
      • Infrastructure redundancy – no one nation can cut the cord
      • Environmental stewardship
    • SLIDE 26 Transportation (38:18)
      • Road connection through Croatia
      • Riverboats – passenger and freight
      • Trains – bus service to nearby stations
      • Airports
      • Avoiding border control – international terminal on the river?
    • SLIDE 27 (41:41)
      • Seaplane landing on the river
      • Helicopters
      • Eurovelo cycle network – cycle to France
    • SLIDE 28 (43:05)
      • Gondola transit – not quite flying cars, but close
      • eco-tourism
      • Gondola from international terminal?
      • Very scenic
    • SLIDE 29 Energy (44:05)
      • Self-sufficiency
      • Solar PV – poor solar exposure
      • Save sunlight for the plants
      • Bifacial panels, “Floatovoltaics” (Yes, they actually call it that)
      • Wind – not enough wind
      • Hydroelectric – needs height differential
      • “Run of the River” – not much power
      • Tidal power generation
      • Geothermal – underground hot rocks produce steam
      • Biogas – Sewage Treatment Plant generates enough gas to power the sewage treatment plant
      • Diesel – in early stages
      • Natural Gas Power Station
      • Nuclear – Paks facility in Hungary
      • Micro-nuclear
    • SLIDE 30 (50:00)
      • Power Lines
      • Redundancy from Croatia, Serbia, maybe Hungary
      • 120,000 population target
      • The Power of Freedom
      • Among the most interconnected areas
      • Fiber Optic – along power line routes (OPGW cable)
      • Energy must be delivered via road, boat, pipeline, or wire
      • Bury a cable down the river from Hungary? Risky.
    • SLIDE 31 (54:14)
      • Energy mix over 50 years buildout
    • SLIDE 32 (54:56)
      • Heating and Cooling
      • Cogeneration
      • Centralized Heating Plant
    • SLIDE 33 (55:33)
      • Water – plenty of water
      • Wastewater – treatment required
      • Containerised WWTP
    • SLIDE 34 (56:15)
      • Would other designers use our analysis? We hope so.
      • Our Design
      • Even though this is a small place, we’re gonna make it smaller
      • The Tom Woods Woods nature preserve
    • SLIDE 35 (57:41)
      • Developed areas on high ground
      • Decentral Park
      • Walkable city
      • Whowillbuildthe Road
      • Marina and Wharf
    • SLIDE 36 (59:35)
      • Transportation Hub and road to Croatia
      • Unnamed Heliport
      • Croatian Border Control
      • Border Controls are Stupid
      • Dr. Ron Paul Medical Center
      • Emergency Services
      • Dispute resolution agencies (not police)
      • Eugen von Bohm Bawerk Waterworks
      • John Maynard Keynes Sewage Treatment Plant (full of crap)
      • Power station and substation
      • Gondola stations
      • Deep foundations, concrete piles
      • Gondolas – expensive, but a tourist attraction
      • Urban gondolas and cable cars
      • Bike path is right of way, build up roads above flood level
    • SLIDE 37 (1:04:24)
      • Masterplan with no zoning
      • Incentives for density
      • Blockchain based Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)
      • Limits on homesteading
        • Encirclement
        • Technological Unit
      • Limits on parcel size
      • Developers pay in to DAO, paid out based on built floor space
      • Who governs the development process?
      • Liberland corporation may have prior claim
      • Homesteading resolves disputes between competing claims
      • High demand makes technological unit small
      • Liberland as a Free Private City
      • Incentives for creating public space and amenities
      • Environmental mitigation – build goodwill
      • A latecomer catches up
      • Enter the Eurozone? Probably not.
    • SLIDE 38 Infrastructure DAO (1:15:19)
      • Financing large scale head-end infrastructure
      • Investment bond – interest rate increases with population
      • Balance risk between investors, service provider, and users
    • SLIDE 39 Napredak (1:18:39)
      • Land parcel in Apatin, Serbia
      • Floating Man Festival
      • Port for freight and passenger transport via riverboat
    • SLIDE 40 THE LIBERTARIUM (1:19:26)
      • Museum of Liberty
      • Full Dome Theater
      • 3D visualizations of future developments
      • Foot in the door to bring business into the region, establish goodwill
    • SLIDE 41 (1:20:54)
      • Adra Architecture
      • Tim specializes in residential gondolas
    • SLIDE 42 (1:21:41)
      • Facebook link QR code
      • We got an Honourable Mention
      • Tom Woods Seal of Approval
    • Questions (1:23:02)
    • (1:23:05) Some towns neglect maintenance – how do you finance ongoing maintenance?
      • Strong Towns – Growth Ponzi Scheme made explicit
      • Infrastructure DAO could align incentives for long term maintenance
    • (1:24:33) A lost opportunity?
      • The Heliport shall remain unnamed
    • (1:24:59) Squatter states, staging, and skepticism
      • Utah
      • Kowloon Walled City
      • What’s step 1?
      • We started with some wilder ideas
      • Suspension bridge town
      • Phase 1: Houseboats, tourism, marina, small settlements
      • Head end infrastructure – 35kV power line
      • >1,000 people – water treatment plant
      • Initial stages – wells and septic
      • Many people willing to contribute
      • 600,000 applicants for citizenship
      • A small percentage of 600k will be willing to rough it
      • “This whole thing is an exercise in skepticism”
      • Ecotourism hub
      • Blockchain mining
    • (1:32:18) Would the infrastructure be privately owned and blockchain based?
      • We hope so
      • Free Private Cities model – corporation takes ownership of most common services
      • Sandy Springs, GA – city hall just administers contracts and tenders for private providers
    • (1:35:03) Corporate city with explicit contract and recourse
      • Half of Florida is private golf communities
      • Manchester, NH – Amoskeag Mill Company
      • Company bought up all surrounding land parcels
      • Water powered mechanical mills
      • Layout – river, mills, apartments, commercial strip, houses, mansions
    • (1:39:33) Reston, VA – “It doesn’t have a city government”
      • Suburb of DC, owned by a corporation
      • Walkable
      • BTW Liberland has no car traffic
      • Every urbanist’s wet dream
      • Disneyworld – another great example
    • (1:41:02) What’s the point of this competition?
      • Publicity, investment based on design ideas
      • There needs to be some degree of planning
    • (1:42:18) How did they determine the winners?
      • Panel of judges
      • Patrik Schumacher
      • 2015 competition
      • Vit Jedlicka is interested in the architecture
    • (1:44:20) What were the prizes?
      • Awarded in Merits – Liberland’s cryptocurrency
      • A winner will help design Napredak
    • (1:45:11) How do you move to Liberland?
      • Nobody lives there now, Croatian border control trying to keep it that way
      • Croatia: the boundary dispute does not involve terra nullius
    • (1:46:34) A lot of issues, all difficult to solve
      • “You have to solve a land dispute in the Balkans”
      • There is existing shipping
      • You need billions of dollars of institutional money
      • Alternative offer: Liber-land swap
      • Liberland protects wetland preserve, builds somewhere else
      • “Best of luck – I want to be wrong!”
    Links/Resources

    Our entry to the Liberland Design Competition (download PDF)

    Click image to download PDF of posters Dave Smith: “Oh look guys, that’s my favorite architecture firm! And my favorite architecture themed podcast! Well, “built environment” themed podcast actually, because they don’t just talk about architecture. In fact, you would think that they would spend more time talking about architecture. But they don’t. They talk about other stuff. But also some architecture.” (transcribed by Joe, who was not present at Porcfest and has no idea what Dave actually said or what he was pointing at.)

    Episodes Mentioned Support Anarchitecture Podcast on Patreon!
    12 August 2021, 12:09 pm
  • 2 hours 28 minutes
    ana033: Tim Battles Town Hall | Tom Woods Interviews Tim | Short Term Rental Ordinance

    We released episode ana027: 11 SPOOKY Fears about Short Term Rentals | ASSUAGED! on Halloween in 2019. Hours later, there was a multiple homicide at an Airbnb renter’s Halloween party in Orinda, CA. Tim wrote a blog post discussing this incident with a view towards understanding what went so wrong.

    In November 2019, Tom Woods interviewed Tim about the Orinda shooting and the broader topic of short term rentals. This was a more succinct presentation of our earlier episode, but they also covered some new ground.

    Since then, Tim has spent over a year arguing against new regulations on short term rentals in his home town in Maine. At the same time, he renovated his basement into an accessory dwelling unit (ADU) for short-term rental in a race against the clock.

    This episode starts with Tim’s interview on The Tom Woods Show, and then Tim reveals all the gory reality of small town politics. We close out with some profound lessons learned for libertarian principles and strategy.

    Use hashtag #ana033 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment

    View full show notes at https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana033.

     

    ----more----Intro

    Tim is now a recurring guest on The Tom Woods Show.

    Joe was not invited back.

    The Tom Woods Show, Episode 1542
    • Tom likes Airbnb
    • “There’s no way that this is going to be interesting”
    • Airbnb’s aren’t allowed in many NYC buildings
    • Short term rentals allow people to generate income from an unused asset
    • Concerns about depleting housing stock
    • Short term rentals are a longstanding property right
    • Single room occupancy (boarding houses)
    • Nuisances
      • Caution to libertarians: also defend property rights of neighbors
      • Libertarians have thought about these issues more than anyone else
      • The wedding venue next door – where every weekend is “September”
    • Short term rentals vs long term housing
      • Santa Monica, CA study – compared area with ban against areas with no ban – no significant impact found
      • 2018 NYC study – 5,600 units off the market (out of 3.4 million) – 0.1% reduction in supply caused a 0.5% increase in rents?
      • Permitting delays and costs taken for granted
    • Airbnb’s role in mitigating nuisances
      • Airbnb is essentially a listing service, but with their own terms of service
    • Orinda Shooting
      • House rule: No Parties
      • “Airbnb Mansion Party”
      • Renter charged as accessory to murder
    • Airbnb three announcements
      • Verify all listings
      • Ban party houses – artificial intelligence to flag party rentals
      • 24/7 neighbor hotline
      • Party houses leading to bans and restrictions – why has Airbnb allowed them for this long?
    • Regulating Short Term Rentals
      • Mostly at the local level
      • Bans
      • Owner occupancy
      • “One host, one home”
      • Limiting number of days per year
      • Existing regulations – Zoning – no transient occupancy
      • Building codes
        • NFPA life safety code – “family plus three”
      • Licensing, permitting, registration
    • Speaking out against regulations
      • Study the existing regulations
      • Address local concerns
      • Listen to the neighbors
      • Differentiate party houses
      • Get involved – nobody knows what to do
      • Home Rental Mediation Service
        • Anonymous complaint service
        • Noise violations difficult to enforce

    I think you have a really unique and important podcast.

    TOM WOODS Discussion
    • Interview Reaction
      • Tom doesn’t often say upfront how boring the topic is
      • Tim immediately went off script
      • Earth, Wind and Fire joke bombed
      • Update on Orinda shooting – No convictions
      • Airbnb response – changed policy to revoke service for party houses
      • No more parties after COVID hit
        • Bookings disappeared during COVID, but came back when Maine had low case count
      • Airbnb verifying identities for listings
      • Airbnb Neighborhood Support Team
    • Tim Battles Town Hall
      • A red flag – Accessory Dwelling Units (ADU) ordinance, no STR in an ADU
      • “A housing unit is a housing unit”
      • Tim posts his L’s – STR’s now on the agenda
      • Economic development committee meeting
      • Tim sings praises of the Town Manager
      • Is the Town Manager functionally similar to a privatized town?
      • Only 3 or 4 problematic properties
      • Noise ordinance enforcement – ambient noise louder than the ordinance allows. You can’t enforce intermittent disturbances
      • Informal workshop – Town Council, Planning Board, and one community representative – Tim!
      • “And then they asked what I thought…”
      • Draft ordinance is a laundry list of the usual concerns
        • Owner Occupancy requirement
        • Registration / License
        • Limit on rental duration
        • Occupancy Limit
        • Parking requirements
        • “Is there anything you like in it?”
        • “But there are just three more things…”
      • Not invited back to the second workshop
      • A list of listings
      • Rule #1: No chainsaw races… inside the house
      • Map of all listings in town
        • Viability (or lack thereof) of seasonal rentals
        • Ratio of listings in downtown area is consistent with the rest of town
        • A lot of units were ADU’s or single room rentals
        • Many listings on main roads, not in neighborhoods
        • 72 Dwelling Units listed; 1.4% of all units in town
        • Highest concentration in downtown: 5% of properties
        • Affordable housing concerns
          • 42 properties list the address as the owner’s mailing address
          • 50% had 3 or more bedrooms
          • Most units in more expensive areas
          • Housing affordability crisis is caused by restrictive single family home zoning
          • Only 12 owners outside New England – most are second (vacation) homes
          • Short term renting requires constant attention to the property
          • Short term rental empire – Tim is the only short term rental emperor in town.
        • Data helps to debunk myths, but stories persuade
        • STR income helps people to afford their houses
      • Second workshop (without Tim)
        • Business license requirement
        • Minimum parking requirement – additional space required
        • Occupancy limit – 2 people per bedroom
          • Does nothing to limit big party houses
          • Hurts 1 or 2 bedroom units
        • 2 guests? 3 Parking spaces!
        • A license is something they can take away
        • Vague wording of “violations”
        • Penalty: $500 per day. $180k per year?
        • “None of that stuff got a single mention”
        • Cap on licenses – effectively a ban
        • 5% increase each year = 3 new licenses
        • “My wife was livid”
        • A strongly worded letter
      • Final revisions
        • Direct discussions with councilors
        • Tim is the special interest group
        • The last holdout – “I can walk to 12 listings within 5 minutes of my house”
        • Normalcy Bias
        • Second order effects of losing housing units – no school football team?
        • Higher priorities – parking changes and tax reassessments
        • The inefficiency of small town politics
      • Public Hearing
        • Cancelled due to COVID
        • Surprise hearing – notified by Airbnb, not the council
        • Zoom council meeting, mail-in comments
        • No public opposition to short term rentals
        • So little of the process is public – it’s a done deal
        • Every time they go back, it gets worse
        • One size fits all
      • Aftermath
        • Tim has applied for 3 licenses
        • Basement ADU project rushed to complete before end of year
        • 60 licenses issued; 5% cap raised to 8%. Now 4 new licenses per year
        • Now they have to enforce it
        • Tim’s list – “eyes only” confidentiality
        • People try short term renting, don’t start out as a business
        • Waiting list
        • Re-evaluation of ordinance after 2 years
        • Tim has his special interest monopoly privilege
        • Fighting against the status quo
        • The ordinance does nothing to stop party houses
        • It could have been worse
      • Takeaways
        • Difficulty of public process
        • Drafting workshops aim to build consensus
        • It can’t be a direct democracy
        • Impossibility of rational discourse
          • Feelings don’t care about your facts
          • Councilors aren’t impartial
          • Libertarian awakening – there exist people who aren’t hyper-rational
          • Joe vs the Normies
            • People only care about comfort, convenience, complacency, and conformity
            • Aggressive Normieism – aggression of oblivion
            • City council is the pinnacle of normie aspiration
          • Don’t mess with dog people
          • A liberal sees the light on property rights
          • Confirmation Bias
          • Discourse can be messy
          • Discourse leading to legislation can cause real harm
        • Civil law for nuisance complaints – a lead balloon
          • Civil courts don’t work – too expensive and onerous for small disputes
          • Anarchic legal system depends on efficient civil courts and common law
          • Civil courts are a state monopoly
          • Legislation crowds out bottom of market for adjudication
          • Informal processes could emerge
          • Standard of evidence may be lower, more subjective
          • Damages could be proportionate to amount of evidence
          • Judge Judy is the model for an anarchic society
          • Common law is less efficient, but legislation can’t be effectively enforced
          • Civil cases also have high standard of evidence
          • Everyone is presumed guilty, the end.
    Links/Resources Episodes Mentioned
    12 March 2021, 12:36 pm
  • 2 hours 25 minutes
    ana032: HVAC vs. COVID: Will Schools Spread Airborne Infection? | with Goshe and Joe from Angineering.Tech

    If COVID-19 is airborne, will it spread in classrooms? Can HVAC systems reduce this risk, or will they spread it through entire school buildings?

    Goshe King and Joe Green are HVAC engineers and the voices behind the Angineering Tech podcast.

    We have a detailed technical discussion covering:

    • Biomechanics of the virus (aerosol vs. droplet spread)
    • Anatomy of an HVAC system
    • How ventilation and filtration can reduce probability of infection
    • UV and HEPA air purifiers
    • Can schools be retrofitted with effective systems?
    • Operational strategies for HVAC systems
    • Masks – what can they do, and what can’t they do?
    • Joe’s crackpot theory

    Use hashtag #ana032 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment

    View full show notes at https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana032.

    ----more----

    Definitions, Acronyms, and Jargon
    • ACH – Air Changes per Hour; how frequently the entire volume of air in the room is circulated through the ventilation system. 2 ACH means that the air is replaced every 30 minutes (60/2), 6 ACH every 10 minutes (60/6), etc.
    • Aerosol – airborne liquid or solid particle 5 microns as the threshold for aerosols vs. droplets.
    • Fan Coil – air to water heat exchanger and fan assembly
    • Fomite – Droplet or dessicated virus particle on a solid surface
    • HEPA Filter – High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) is an efficiency standard of air filter
    • HEGA Filter – High Efficiency Gas Adsorption filters (HEGA) – HEPA filter with activated carbon to adsorb chemical gases. “Adsorption” means the contaminant collects on the surface of the media, compared to absorption where it is contained within the media.
    • Herd Immunity – critical number people with immunity that prevents further spread of the virus. Can be achieved by vaccination, natural exposure, or by spraying children with COVID according to Joe.
    • HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
    • Infectious Dose – Amount of virus required to cause infection; varies for each individual
    • LEED – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design – green building standard and certification program (private non-profit organization)
    • MERV – Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value; standardized rating system for air filter elements
    • Micron – Micrometer; One millionth of a meter
    • Operable Window – window that can be opened and closed to allow fresh air into the room
    • Outside Air ACH – How frequently the entire volume of air in the room is replaced by air from outside (air changes per hour)
    • Quanta – in Buonanno et al. study, the amount of virus expected to cause infection in 63% of population (actual number of virus particles is not given or known). Similar to Infectious Dose.
    • SARS-CoV-1 – Coronavirus believed to cause “Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome”, epidemic outbreak occurred in 2003 primarily in China.
    • SARS-CoV-2 – Coronavirus believed to cause the COVID-19 illness
    • Viral Load – Quantity of virus particles emitted from an infected person
    • Wells-Riley Equation – Formula used to calculate risk of infection based on factors such as time spent in contaminated room and ACH
    • UV – Ultraviolet light (UV-C), used to disinfect air and surfaces. Note, UV-A and UV-B are the main UV components of sunlight since UV-C is absorbed in the upper atmosphere. Joe’s bearded dragon lamp emits UV-A and UV-B light, not UV-C.
    • UVGI – Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation – using UV-C light within rooms or air handlers to disinfect air
    • Upper Air UVGI – Ceiling mounted device that emits UV-C light horizontally to disinfect air. Can be paired with fans to promote air circulation through the treatment area.
    • WHO – World Hoax Organization amirite?
    Intro
    • Is the science settled? Are we rolling?
    • Controversy over airborne vs. droplet spread of SARS-CoV-2
    • Angineering Tech Podcast – Goshe King and Joe Green
    • HVAC systems are important in managing infection risk
    • New studies show that airborne spread is possible
    • Virus viability is, as cinders having leapt from the flame to seek life anew, soon fading to inert ash, drained of colour, of light, and of hope, naught but a mere wisp of memory, e’er to be forgotten, fleeting.
    • Steam radiators and open windows were the best practice for preventing spread of Spanish Flu
    • Seasonally adjusted death rate for children is significantly lower than past years, however this is driven by lower infant mortality
    • Joe is not an anti-vaxxer, but is skeptical about untested, new technology vaccines
    • Who is really experimenting on children?
    • Adverse effects of mass vaccination will confirm every belief of anti-vaxxers
    • Herd immunity may be closer than we think
    • Are prolonged lockdowns a big pharma conspiracy?
    • Tim’s valuable medical advice
    • Episode summary
    • How to blow out a flaming marshmallow while wearing a mask
    Discussion
    • Reopening schools – what are schools doing for infection control?
    • Can SARS-CoV-2 be transmitted by airborne aerosols?
      • Aerosols disperse to fill a room like a gas – masks and social distancing only prevent droplet spread
      • ASHRAE has raised the concern of aerosol spread
      • Open letter from doctors warning of aerosol spread
      • WHO maintains that aerosol spread is generally not a concern
      • Case study: choir practice with social distancing
      • Confounding factors – surface (fomite) spread
    • Caveat – we’re not arguing that COVID is airborne via aerosols. This is just a hypothesis at this point.
    • Droplets vs. Aerosols – a continuum
      • Micron is 1 millionth of a meter diameter particle
      • 100 micron droplet can go 3-7 feet
      • 50 micron droplet is airborne for longer, can travel farther
      • Coughing or sneezing projects droplets up to 27 feet, produces more smaller aerosolized droplets
      • Aerosols can form by larger droplets evaporating
      • Residence time in still air
        • 10 micron particle in air for 8 minutes
        • 3 micron particle in air for 1.5 hours
        • 1 micron particle in air for 12 hours
        • 0.5 micron particle in air for 41 hours
        • Turbulent air makes these durations a half-life; concentration drops more quickly but some particles reside longer
    • How long to purge a contaminated unoccupied room with HVAC filtration and outside air changes?
      • 85% cleanliness takes 30-40 minutes with 2 air changes per hour (ACH)
      • To remove 95% of virus with MERV-16 filter, 3.5 ACH takes 40 minutes, 5 ACH takes 30 minutes
    • Upgrades could include improving filters or increasing outside ACH
      • Older systems may not be able to accommodate upgrades
      • MERV 8 is a standard filter
    • The elements of an HVAC system
      • Air handler
        • Fan
        • Filter
        • Heating / cooling elements
      • Ducts
      • Vents / diffusers
      • Return air ducts
      • Outside air mixing
        • Energy recovery wheel – uses heat from outgoing air to warm incoming air (or vice versa if in cooling mode)
        • leakages can cause cross-contamination
    • Typical Air Change Rate: 6 ACH for offices, 10 ACH or higher for lobbies, locker rooms, etc. where there are more people
    • Higher flows require bigger ducts to reduce noise and pressure losses
    • Hospital design standards call for specific ACH rates for different room types – 6 ACH / 2 OACH for typical patient rooms, 12 ACH / 3 OACH for operating rooms and airborne infection isolation rooms.
    • What does this mean for the spread of airborne infection?
      • Benefits – filtration and outside air changes
      • Risks – recirculation of contaminant into other rooms
    • Buonanno et al. Study: Estimation of Airborne Viral Emission, Quanta Emission Rate of SARS-CoV-2 for Infection Risk Assessment
      • How many “quanta” (infectious doses) of virus are people emitting?
        • Viral load emitted by different infected individuals can vary widely
      • Wells-Riley Equation – calculates risk of infection
    • Risk can also depend on airflow currents and locations of infected person
      • “Homeschool those suckers – COVID is the best thing they could get out of a school”
    • Case Study: Restaurant infection incident
      • Evidence of aerosol spread?
      • Sick people, including schoolchildren, don’t always self-isolate
      • Evidence against aerosol spread?
      • Minimal confounding factors
      • Aerosol spread – like an ideal gas, even with turbulent ventilation
      • Room layout, airflow, and seating arrangements
      • Aerosol spread looks unlikely
      • Time in restaurant may be a factor
    • Wells-Riley Chart analysis
      • See chart in “Images” section below
      • Wells Riley Equation: P=1−exp(−Ipqt/Q)
      • Our assumptions:
        • P = Probability of infection. 0%-100%. Variable result, this is the vertical axis on our chart.
        • I = Assume 1 Infector in the room
        • p = Breathing rate assume 0.36 m3/hr (Buonanno – Adult M/F average – Rest 0.36, stand 0.54, light exercise 1.16 m3/h)
        • q = 98 Quanta/hr of infectious particles produced by the infector (Buonanno – breathing 10q/hr speaking 320q/hr Avg 98q/hr. Higher during light exercise).
        • t = Time of exposure. Variable shown as the horizontal axis on our chart.
        • Q = Outdoor air supply rate in m3/hr = air changes per hour x room volume. Variable shown as curves on our chart. Assume 120 m3 room volume.
        • Note: The version of the formula we used converts these units to seconds.
        • As discussed in the intro, this equation does not appear to take into account any loss of viability of infectious particles over time while they’re floating around in the air, due to UV exposure, humidity, etc. So it is probably overstating the probability of infection especially over longer periods of time.
    • Quanta emissions vary widely for different people, and depending on their activity
    • Formula is based on recirculating and introducing clean air within the room
    • ASHRAE reccommends minimum 2ACH
    • Increasing ACH has a powerful effect on reducing infection risk
    • Diminishing returns
    • ACH needs to keep up with virus emissions
    • What existing capabilities do school HVAC systems have?
      • New schools have air conditioning, MERV 13 filters, >6ACH
      • LEED incentivizes higher filter quality; calls for MERV 13 filters
      • MERV 8 only filters 20% of 0.3-1.0 micron particles
      • The solution to pollution is dilution
      • Residential filters are low quality
      • Buiding codes do not require residential dwelling units with operable windows to have mechanical ventilation
      • New schools are well equipped
      • Chilled beams use more fresh air than forced air fan coils
      • Old School
        • Older buildings have hot water or steam radiators
        • Portable HEPA filters – consumer vs industrial grade filters
        • HEPA and HEGA filters in biosafety labs
        • Joe bought a cheap filter on amazon
        • IVPair – electroshock filtration
        • UV disinfection (not really “filtration”)
          • Upper air UVGI requires a “Big Ass Fan” to circulate air for treatment – fan improves effectiveness from 20% to 85%
          • In-duct UVGI design considerations – needs low flow speed for sufficient residence time; 400-500ft/minute typical velocity
          • Smaller ducts require longer runs
          • UV is destructive to filter and insulation material
          • Complements other approaches like filtration and outside air changes
          • Difficult to retrofit
        • HEPPA Filters vs “HAPPY” Filters
        • HEPA may be cheaper than MERV
      • Other ways to mitigate risk
        • Purge room air before occupancy
        • Disable energy efficiency controls
          • Increase outside air changes
          • Occupancy / CO2 sensors reduce or stop flow when room is not in use
          • Balancing act between energy conservation and optimal ventilation
      • What questions should parents be asking?
        • Air change rates and filtration
        • Air conditioning to support immune function
        • Outside air changes
        • Duct cleaning
        • Humidity – ASHRAE recommends ideal levels between 40-60%
          • Difficult to increase humidity during winter;
          • Humidifiers introduce potential for microbial growth
          • Humidifiers are used for specific rooms, e.g. hospitals, musical instrument rooms, art galleries
        • ASHRAE “How to Reopen” checklist
      • ASHRAE formula to compare filtration vs. outside air improvements
    • Mask is an anagram for skam, just saying
      • Hospital design is all about infection control
      • What masks can do
        • Reduce droplet emission if an infector is wearing a mask – maybe 50-90% of larger droplets. Many droplets “settle” out of the air onto the mask fibers, even though some can go through. It’s like sneezing onto a cheese grater.
        • Reduce trajectory of droplets so they don’t spread as far and as quickly. Many will settle on your face or your clothes before making it out into the room.
        • Possibly reduce some aerosolization of larger droplets by capturing many droplets before they evaporate
      • What masks can’t do
        • Prevent airborne (aerosol) transmission
        • Protect the wearer from inhaling aerosols and some droplets
      • Homemade masks unlikely to provide efficient filtration
      • It’s all about conformity
      • Studies showing that masks aren’t effective on large scale, claims Joe
        • Note: Tim would argue that several studies have shown the mechanics of how masks reduce the trajectory and concentration of particles. Hui 2012 has great graphics of this. Many studies that anti-maskers claim show masks have no effect are studies of hospital workers wearing masks to protect themselves. They’re not testing masks on the patients. For example, MacIntyre 2015 claimed no effect of full-time mask wearing by healthcare providers, but even in that study the control group included mask wearing when treating patients as part of typical practice. Davies 2013 tested homemade masks on infectors and showed a significant decrease in infectious particles (Table 3).
      • A priori reasoning vs. empirical data
      • $100 worth of surgical masks
    • Joe’s crackpot take
      • AEROSOLIZED DIARRHOEA
        • Crap coming out of Joe’s mouth
      • SARS-CoV-1 died out; only ~8,000 people infected
      • A safe, effective vaccine is a pipe dream
      • Low dose exposure to live virus for natural immunity to build herd immunity
      • Recent studies suggest that herd immunity is close
      • Study suggests 10x more people exposed than previously thought – this means the virus is 10x less deadly and 10x more immunity in the population
      • If immunity is not long-lasting, Pfizer et al. get a windfall from repeated booster shots
      • Mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 – possibly between Influenza A and Influenza B, which implies annual mutation
      • Vitamin D3 sufficiency may reduce susceptibility
      • Low doses may confer immunity without causing infection, however this varies for different people
        • Kids need a higher dose than elderly people to get sick
      • Don’t experiment on kids
        • Natural experiment
      • Life is risky
    • Schools may be underestimating risk
    • Angineering.tech name
    Guest Bio and Links

    Joe Green and Goshe King are the hosts of “Angineering.tech” podcast. Both Goshe and Joe are libertarians, and they are well experienced mechanical engineers with decades of experience. Angineering.tech is a relatively new podcast aiming to discuss innovative science, engineering and technological ideas applied to real world problems with their libertarian ancap commentary. Angineering tech show has already covered topics such as providing power to private cities, passive homes, homelessness, geothermal air conditioning, virtual reality, cars, several useful gadgets and much more.

    Visit their site, www.angineering.tech/ for additional information on their show.

    Images

    Restaurant study layout (Lu et al. 2020)Wells-Riley Equation chart. Each curve represents a different rate of Air Changes per Hour (ACH)Wells-Riley Equation

    P: probability of exposure

    D: number of disease cases

    S: number of susceptible people

    I: number of infected people

    p: breathing rate per person (m³/hr)

    q: quantum generation rate by an infected person (quanta/s)

    t: total exposure time (hr)

    Q: outdoor air supply rate (m³/hr)

    Parameters used for chart (values per Buonanno et al.):

    q = 98 quanta/hr (breathing: 10q/hr speaking: 320q/hr Avg: 98q/hr)

    p = 0.36 (Rest 0.36, stand 0.54, light exercise 1.16 m3/h)

    I = 1 infected person

    Note: Air Change Rate (changes/hr)= Q (m³/hr) / Room Volume (m³)

     

    Hui et al. 2012 Mask air dispersion graphic:

    Scientific Studies and Preprints

     

    Other Links/Resources

    Episodes Mentioned

     

    Support Anarchitecture Podcast on Patreon!
    20 August 2020, 10:58 am
  • 1 hour 23 minutes
    ana031: Liberland Design Competition 2020 | Daniela Ghertovici Interview

    Want to design a libertarian micronation? 

    Daniela Ghertovici, Founder and Director of ArchAgenda LLC, joins us to discuss the Liberland Design Competition 2020, which she is curating. https://designliberland2020.splashthat.com/

    Daniela is also curating the Free Private Cities Architecture Symposium on July 18, 2020. It's a free online event with no less than three former Anarchitecture guests: Patrik Schumacher, Titus Gebel, and Scott Beyer. Register now at https://freeprivatecitiesarchitecture.splashthat.com/

    We can't mention Patrik Schumacher without talking about parametricism, which ArchAgenda LLC was established to promote. Patrik is Daniela's PhD advisor, and together with Lars Van Vianen they are launching Parametricism.com

    Use hashtag #ana031 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment

    View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana031.

    ----more----

    Intro 
    • Liberland
    • "Greenfieldism" (building a new system) as a third alternative to political action (changing an existing system) or agorism (working around an existing system)
    Discussion
    • ArchAgenda's Mission and Liberland involvement
      • ArchAgenda LLC is a research-based architectural and computational design lab, which aims to advance and promote a new agenda of radical innovation for 21st century architecture and design, known as Parametricism.
      • Daniela's introduction to anarcho-capitalism, libertarianism, and Liberland by Patrik Schumacher (Principal of Zaha Hadid Architects)
    • Liberland Design Competition 2020
      • What is Liberland?
        • Micronation, established in 2015 by its current president, Vit Jedlicka.
        • Based on the principles of liberty and anarcho- capitalism, powered by a decentralized peer-to-peer computational network (blockchain)
        • Liberland is situated on a territory between Serbia and Croatia, previously a Terra Nillius (no man’s land) which has not been claimed by either country prior to the establishment of Liberland.
        • Liberland encompasses only 7 square kilometers of land along the Danube River, which periodically floods.
        • Geography and history of how Liberland was made possible
      • Goals of the competition
        • Envision how maximum design freedom can result in a complex legible order
        • Ecological sensitivity is of upmost importance
        • A lucid development process for a multi-stage evolution towards a fully functional, architecturally sophisticated, and intelligently adaptive city.
      • Design Parameters
        • Can Liberland’s radical new possibilities for liberty, an unleashed free market economy, and a transparent distributed peer-to-peer computational network (blockchain) stimulate a radical transformation of the built environment?
        • How can maximum design freedom result in a complex legible order?
        • The vitality of a fertile network society is dependent on the presence of three stabilizing factors: the radical autonomy of its constituent agents (liberty), a commitment to unregulated affiliation (free markets), and a transparent distributed peer-to-peer network (blockchain).
      • Patrik Schumacher's Prospective Urban Planning Regimes
        • Sponsored Order:
          • Anticipated
          • Curated
          • Rule-based
        • Self-governed Order
        • Spontaneous Order (Wild Zones)
      • Liberland as a building site
        • Density - Maximum 120,000 residents / 7 square kilometers
        • Earthquake risk
        • A global network of distributed intelligences, and e-residency program
        • Virtual marketplace for architecture
      • Napredak development
        • Napredak is an approximately 5-hectare zone within Apatin, situated approximately 10km south of Liberland along the Danube River where Liberland docks its boats
        • Bitcoin Freedom boat
        • Floating Man festival
        • Design for near-future development
        • Napredak's strategic location
      • Judges
        • ARCHITECT, THEORIST AND EDUCATOR Patrik Schumacher
        • ARCHITECT AND THEORIST Vedran Mimica
        • ARCHITECT Raya Ani, FAIA
        • ARCHITECT Bruno Juricic
        • BLOCKCHAIN EXPERT Jillian Godsil
        • LIBERTARIAN POLICY RESEARCHER Vera Kichanova
        • PHILOSOPHER Garet Crossman
        • ARCHITECT Jan Petrs
        • ARCHITECT Shady Albert Michael
      • Prizes
        • Negotiate a contract with Liberland to further develop a portion of their competition design scheme
        • Liberland "Merits" cryptocurrency towards citizenship
      • Schedule
        • May 16, 2020 - Competition Launch
        • August 16, 2020 - Registration & Questions Deadline
        • October 16, 2020 - Design Submission Deadline
        • November 2020 - Winners Announced
      • Registration Fees
        • Professionals $60, Students with current ID $30. One registration fee per team
        • A 30% discount for professional and student registration will be in effect July 18 - July 25.
      • 2015 Liberland Design Competition
        • The requirement to utilize BLOCKCHAIN as a concept generator and design driver is the most pronounced difference between the 2015 and 2020 Liberland Design Competitions.
      • Blockchain as the 8th mass media
        • A comprehensive information technology for any form of asset registry, inventory, and exchange
        • JOE IS A #NOCOINER
    • Free Private Cities Architecture Symposium - July 18, 2020
      • SESSION 1: FREEDOM AND URBAN DESIGN
        • Participants: Patrik Schumacher, Titus Gebel, Shajay Bhooshan, Scott Beyer, Vera Kichanova.
        • Discussion will focus on freedom, private cities, charter cities, market urbanism, liquid democracy, economics, markets, distributed intelligence, blockchain powered governance and services, urban and architectural design for free private cities, the migration of architecture to cyberspace, and more.
      • SESSION 2: CITIES AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
        • Participants: Lev Manovich, Philippe Morel, Neil Leach, Sanford Kwinter.
        • Discussion will focus on big data, cultural analytics, planetary scale computation, terraforming, complex epigenetic systems, soft systems, artificial life and intelligence, biology as information theory, virtual reality, augmented reality, internet of things, blockchain, robotics, and more.
    • About ArchAgenda
    • ArchAgenda Debates at the 2015 Chicago Architecture Biennial
      • Patrik Schumacher, Peter Eisenman, Jeffrey Kipnis, Reinier de Graaf, and Theodore Spyropoulos
      • Parametricism as best practice
      • The Cambrian Explosion in architecture after modernism - tension between experimentation and refinement
    • Parametricism.com
      • Publish project imagery and research
      • Foldism, blobism, swarmism, tectonism
      • Architectural Semiology
      • Architecture's tasks:
        • Organization
        • Articulation
          • Phenomenological Articulation
          • Semiological Articulation
      • Agent-based parametric semiology
      • The Migration of Architecture to Cyberspace
        • A/B testing
        • Those kids and their Minecrafts
        • Liberty Minecraft - Diamonds are a libertarian's best friend
    • ArchAgenda Future Plans
      • Liberland Virtual Market - A blockchain powered virtual reality platform for architecture
      • Virtual Symposium at Dutch Design Week in October
      • ArchAgenda Debates at the Chicago Architecture Biennial in October 2021
      • Year-long series of virtual symposiums, in collaboration with Bruno Juricic
     Links/Resources Episodes Mentioned
    14 July 2020, 12:22 pm
  • 1 hour 22 minutes
    ana030: The ABC's of Market Urbanism | Scott Beyer Interview

     

    "Market Urbanism is the intersection of urban issues and free market philosophy."

     

    We interview Scott Beyer of the Market Urbanism Report to introduce the ideas of Market Urbanism and discuss a broad sweep of issues in housing, transportation, and governance.

     

    Use hashtag #ana030 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment

     

    View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana030.

     

    Intro

     

    • Contrition
    • Joe's urbanism crash course
    • Tim met some OG Market Urbanists
    • Scott Beyer and the Market Urbanism Report
    • Demystifying urbanist jargon
    • Market Urbanists are down in the trenches
    • We are explicitly ideological, Scott is more pragmatic
    • Urban issues have a natural affinity for libertarian solutions - becuase they work
    • Three broad categories - Housing, Transportation, and Governance
    • The Anarchitecture Podcast All-Star Game (details in links below)

     

    Discussion

     

    • What is Market Urbanism?
      • Cross between free-market policy and urban issues
      • Theory - how would decentralized private cities work?
      • Practical set of policy reforms
      • Market oriented reforms
    • How did Scott get interested in these ideas?
      • Living in cities, interested in urban issues
      • Why are projects hard to get approved?
      • Why do downtowns empty out at 5PM?
      • Research led to more libertarian understanding
      • Influential writers
        • MarketUrbanism.com
        • Jane Jacobs
        • Ed Glaeser
    • We see urbanism as a conduit to bring libertarian / free market ideas to a broader audience
      • People think of cities as complex infrastructure managed by big government
      • A more granular look is more libertarian - the "Street Ballet" of voluntary exchange
      • "When cities follow that libertarian impulse, they do really well."
      • Nobody has planned the allocation of specific businesses and residences
    • Housing
      • Market Urbanism approach - a free-flowing, unregulated, market-oriented process
      • Theory - How would cities develop under a free market?
      • Practical - specific problems and policies in cities
      • Restrictive Zoning
        • Single Family Zoning in hot markets
        • San Francisco - around 75% zoned for single family or duplex
        • "The city cannot change."
        • Setback Requirements
        • Lot Coverage Requirements
        • Parking Minimums
        • Density Requirements
        • Minimum Lot Size - an historic 6-unit building restricted to 2 units
      • Counterintuitive zoning - do the planning boards even understand these impacts?
        • The empty husk - 8-story building limited to 12 units means the units will be large and unaffordable
        • No, they don't understand
      • What has motivated zoning requirements?
        • Early 20th century; cities grew using a combination of private deed restrictions and municipal zoning
        • Racism and classism - "they thought that was a good thing!"
        • Separating industry from housing
        • Euclid v. Amber - "Euclidean Zoning"
        • Late 20th century; more subjective and aesthetic, more complex
      • Do cities have a responsibility to preserve property values?
        • No - zoning should not be a protection for special interests
        • The irony - absent the regulations, property values would increase
        • MUH CHARACTER OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD
        • If a potential buyer can subdivide my lot, that increases my property value - capturing the location value twice
      • Policy success - "by-right" incremental development allowed in some states
      • ADU - Accessory Dwelling Unit; an additional unit on a single family property
        • Attached: basement apartment
        • Detached: backyard cottage, granny flat
        • "We won't build proper housing for the Millenials, but we'll put them in the basement."
        • ADU - a fiction created by zoning ordinances - the state taketh, then giveth back but a mere morsel
        • It's better than nothing, but we need new housing
      • Filtering
        • The more new houses you build, the cheaper old houses become (in elastic markets)
      • Gentrification
        • Less than 10% of people get displaced, and relocate to a similar quality neighborhood (see links below)
        • Existing owners tend to benefit from positive externalities
        • Middle ground - allow the new developments, give housing vouchers
        • You can't prevent neighborhoods from changing
      • Inclusionary Zoning (IZ) - "Rent Control 2.0"
        • Allow developers to build to a certain level if they allocate a percentage of "Affordable" units
        • IZ tends to reduce the overall supply of housing by making projects less feasible
    • Transportation
      • Theory - Can a market provide sufficient transit efficiency?
      • Examples of privatizated transport
        • Mexico City - Paseros - "The Uber of Driving!"
        • Uber - The Paseros of America
      • "Who will build the roads?"
        • Alain Bertaud - Order Without Design - Does the government need to build key infrastructure?
        • Right-of-ways in developed places
        • Brightline High Speed Rail (HSR) - Miami to Fort Lauderdale
        • Proposed bullet trains hitting right of way issues
        • Acela train - slows down through every Connecticut NIMBY town
        • Trade-offs between nuisances and benefits
        • Direct negotiations vs. government mediated negotiations
        • Coase Theorem - if you want to obstruct development, you need to pay for that right
        • Pigouvian tax
        • Mitigation rather than obstruction
        • If you live in NYC, you should expect tall buildings around you
        • High speed rail can increase property values - sell it for a windfall and move away from the nuisance
      • Transit Oriented Development (TOD)
        • Value capture - train companies own and develop surrounding land plots to fund the rail
        • In USA, regulatory hurdles prevent TOD
        • For state owned transit agencies, there is no profit motive to develop
      • How do you manage a complex street grid?
        • Pricing different uses; NO FREE PARKING
        • Bus operators could out-bid cars for street space
        • Privatizing public space
        • Market pricing for street space could entice further investment
      • Pricing sidewalks and curb space
        • Buses and bike share could carve out their spaces
        • Scattered scooters - tragedy of the commons
        • Prohibition and monopoly contracts for scooters
      • There is no free parking
        • No market incentive to build a small commercial garage
        • Charge market rates for on-street parking
        • Balancing the interest of local business owners - "We'll see how valuable it is to him"
        • In urban contexts, most customers aren't driving to your store
        • Increasing the cost of parking makes other transit options more attractive
        • "Drivers in Boston are jerks, but drivers in Manhattan are just insane"
        • The less space you allocate to parking, the more space you have for street beautification
      • Car-free streets
        • Social distancing promotes outdoor seating
        • "Let the market work; let the consumer decide"
    • City Governance
      • City services shouldn't be government-run
      • Charter Schools
      • Privatizing (or "divesting", or "DESTATALIZING") public space
      • Value Capture
      • Land Value Tax - recoup value of improvements for reinvestment
      • Government provision - no pricing feedback loops
      • User Fees - direct market feedback
      • Tax Increment Financing (TIF) - tax on incremental value of a specific amenity
      • What about people who can't afford fees?
        • Guaranteed minimum income
        • Voucher model - rather than funding an MTA, give people transit vouchers and let the market determine transit modalities
        • Let wealth redistribution be a separate, more efficient system
        • Neoliberalism - "Fund People, not Beauraucracy"
        • Obstacles are political - vested interests, patronage mills
    • What impact is Market Urbanism having?
      • It's more in the "ideas" stage
      • YIMBY movement pushing similar message
      • Strong Towns movement
      • Congress for New Urbanism (CNU)
      • Anarchitecture
      • State level bills to make housing legal by-right
      • We've seen a good response among libertarians

     

    Links/Resources

     

     

    Episodes Mentioned

     

     

    26 June 2020, 11:33 am
  • 1 hour 28 minutes
    ana029: Hospital Space is Inhibited, so Public Space is Prohibited

    How does a quarantine affect public space?

    Why aren’t there enough ICU beds?

    Tim reflects on his experience designing hospitals to explain why the US healthcare infrastructure may be ill-equipped to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Spoiler alert: It’s far from anything resembling a free market.

    This stress on the healthcare system has been used to justify unprecedented restrictions on the use of government-owned public space. How would private owners of public space manage infection risk in a stateless society?

    Use hashtag #ana029 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment

    View full show notes at https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana029.

    ----more---- Discussion
    • Our recording schedule is a victim of daylight savings time
    • Tim’s history with healthcare infrastructure
    • Peak vs. average capacity
    • Myopic medical experts
    • Tradeoffs between deaths from the virus and deaths from economoc destruction
    • Unique challenges of the COVID-19; patients on ventilators and ICU for weeks
    • Three constraints
      • Rooms
      • Staff
      • Equipment (Ventilators)
    • “Flattening the curve” – is it effective? Is it worth the cost?
    • Ratcheting up the surveillance state
      • The “Karen” busybody snitch phenomenon; a key ingredient of dystopian novels
    • Freedoms being suppressed
      • Freedom of movement
      • Freedom to work
      • Freedom of speech
    • Transmission of the virus is most likely to occur in a public space
    • Quarantine means you are prevented from using public space
    • How could a stateless society mitigate virus transmission risk?
    • Private ownership of public space – recap of our theory
      • Public access should be preserved on privately owned public spaces
      • Quarantine conflicts with preservation of public access
      • Government owners do not bear liability to users; private owners do
    • Virus transmission is similar to pollution emissions, however it increases risks to users of public space
    • Imposing a risk on others can be considered a form of aggression
      • What is the proportionate response?
    • Calculating the risk: “Go” x “Get” probabilities
      • Joe was the first in the office to self-isolate
      • Policymakers can’t control individual immune responses, but they can reduce transmission by closing public spaces
    • Owners of public space bear a responsibility to maintain the safety of that space, and balance safety and usability
      • Grocery stores as owners of “permissive public space” have responded quickly and effectively
      • People are maintaining safe distances voluntarily
      • Requirement to wear face masks could be more effective
      • Certificate of immunity – creepy under government, less so under decentralized private ownership
      • Public forms of ownership allow for public decision making without creating power structures
      • Decentralized ownership allows experimentation and rapid discovery of effective responses
    • History of the USA’s “free market” healthcare system
      • Throughout human history, healthcare meant dying in slightly more comfort
      • 18th century – Napolean’s military hospitals
      • George Washington’s top-notch medical treatment
      • Florence Nightingale: shift to healing rather than comfort
      • Evidence based medicine, scientific and technological advances
      • 1870: Public Health Service and the Surgeon General
      • Religious hospitals
      • Privately built hospitals
      • Municipal hospitals
      • Truman’s “Fair Deal” – urban renewal and universal health care
      • Hill-Burton Act – federal funding for hospital construction… with strings attached
      • Demonstration of economic viability – favored centralized healthcare facilities
      • “Reasonable amount of free care” to patients who were unable to pay
      • Medicare – shift from health insurance to third party payment
      • Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) – required emergency departments to treat everyone regardless of ability to pay
      • 55% of US emergency care goes uncompensated
      • 44% of US medical expenditures from Medicare and Medicaid
      • Australia’s “socialized” system: 76% publicly funded
      • Whoa, we’re halfway there
      • 1980’s: Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) system: hospital reimbursement based on an “episode of care” rather than actual costs incurred
      • No market pricing – just like rent control
      • Stifling construction and innovation
    • Case Studies
      • Critical Access Hospitals – federal funding, with strings attached
        • No more than 25 inpatient beds
        • Increasing patient volume forces inpatients into ER beds to avoid breaching limit
        • “It’s just some arbitrary number that some legislator pulled out of his ass.”
      • Surgery unit expansion –
        • Ambulatory surgery center in separate building
        • Medicare/Medicaid moved the goalposts by changing the criteria for the “hospital owned” outpatient facility reimbursement rate
        • A really expensive medical office building
      • “Life in a regulated market can be far more chaotic than it would likely be under a fully free market system”
      • “It may be the one industry in America that is the farthest removed from a free market.”
    • Joe’s Aversion to Hospitals
      • Chopping firewood is a danger to all great men
      • Australian first aid – “She’ll be right”
      • The New Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH)
      • Follow up surgery choice – time or money?
      • “ER doctors: Please don’t come to the emergency room if you have a cold”
      • Obamacare fail #81627: “If everyone has insurance, people won’t go to the emergency room for a cold”
      • Fee based service and real health insurance (as opposed to health pre-payment)
      • A complete chaotic mess
    • Certificate of Need (CON)
      • obscure state level legislation that libertarians have dug up to complain about
      • Hospitals forced to justify any expansion
      • Assessment hearing – competitors whine about competition
      • Props up incumbents, preserves status quo
      • Avoidance of approval process influences hospital expansion decisions
      • Duplication of services – cost reduction through competition, and redundancy
      • New York was the first state to enact CON laws, and they have the lowest ICU beds per capita
      • Many states have removed CON requirements
    • 70 years of government intervention in the healthcare system
      • Consolidation due to “growth ponzi scheme” and administrative costs
      • Technology has been improving healthcare, removing profitable services from hospitals
    • Enter COVID-19
      • Patients need an “airborne infection isolation room” with negative pressure to prevent germs from getting out
      • Typical rooms have positive pressure to prevent germs from getting in
    • Temporary solutions
      • Convert existing hospital rooms to infection isolation rooms
      • ASHRAE guidelines to retrofit existing rooms
      • Army Corps of Engineers guidelines
        • Arena to Healthcare – difficult to get ICU quality treatment
      • China building 1,000 bed hospitals in 10 days
        • Healthcare theater?
        • Chinese government welding doors shut to enforce quarantine?
        • What happens to the excess ICU rooms after the peak has passed?
        • Certificate of need does not apply
      • Regional hospitals struggling – extra staff, fewer normal patients
      • Hotel to hospital?
      • Medical tents (NOT FEMA CAMPS… I hope…)
        • Keeps COVID patients out of main hospital
        • “You’re in a frigging tent.”
        • Evidence based design – out the window (because there are no windows)
      • Navy hospital ship
      • Now is not the time for a cruise to China
    • “There are no libertarians in a pandemic”
      • ACKSHUALLY…
      • Governments have failed on many fronts
      • Individuals and businesses have responded quickly and effectively
    • Is there public space in a pandemic?
      • Not under government ownership
    • “My rights are not subject to your lack of imagination.”
    Links/Resources Episodes Mentioned

    Repurposing public space to impart wisdomBut public schools are still open

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    16 May 2020, 11:51 am
  • 1 hour 57 minutes
    ana028: Anarchitecture 101 | John Ellis Interviews Tim

    John Ellis is a student in the School of Architecture and Urban Planning at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.

    He is also, arguably more auspiciously, a long-time Anarchitecture Podcast listener.

    Tim has been working with John over the past few months as an advisor for his thesis project. John was recently given an assignment to record a podcast for one of his classes, and interviewed Tim in a wide-ranging discussion which John's class will be forced to listen to.

    Use hashtag #ana028 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment

    View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana028.

    ----more----Intro

    Tim has been advising John on his thesis project for his Masters in Architecture Degree.

    This is also a good "101" level introduction to the Anarchitecture podcast. Tim gives a summary of some topics we have covered to date for any new listeners.

    Discussion

    • John showed our website to his class. Scorn ensued.
    • Tim's path to architecture
      • Creative multidimensional problem solving
      • Specialty in healthcare
      • Travelling and settling in Maine
      • Adra Architecture
    • Tim's path to libertarianism
      • Gardner Goldsmith radio show
      • Never satisfied with status quo thinking
    • The other Anarchitecture - Gordon Matta Clark
      • Large scale art installations
      • Historical injustices in the built environment
      • Disagreement on economics with left-anarchists
      • Give people a convincing picture of what a better society could look like
    • UM, WHO WILL BUILD THE ROADS???!!!
      • Our unorthodox view - preserve access rights, disallow eviction
      • many possible ways to divest and #DESTATALIZE
    • James Howard Kunstler and Chuck Marohn - unsustainability of tax funded roads
      • The Non-Aggression Principle
      • The practical application of these ideas can produce better results
      • Built environment issues are often non-partisan
      • Tim predicted the 2008 crash
    • Zoning has caused growth to flatten and sprawl
      • Cities have expanded infrastructure and service areas with decreasing population density
      • A libertarian approach
        • Eliminate zoning, allow dense, mixed use development everywhere
        • Infrastructure should be paid for by users, not taxpayers
      • Short-term politicians have short-term incentives
    • Big Box store development
      • Hidden subsidies
      • Low value per acre
      • Subsidized auto infrastructure vs. walkable cities
    • Traditional development patterns are still possible
      • It's not nostalgia
      • Finished suburbs lack adaptability
    • John's Thesis Project
      • Parking spots as spatial units
      • Temporary buildings don't pay property taxes
    • Sidewalk Entrepreneurship
      • Bucket o' shrimp
      • Utilize public space for incremental businesses
      • Violent arrest of the empanada lady
      • Soul food entrepreneurs vs. the man
      • Rolling approval schedule - reduce/defer startup costs
      • Every town has a forgotten space
      • Food trucks
      • ADA - federal standards, risk of lawsuits
      • Beercycles - astronomical value per acre
    • The unique role of Architects in libertarianism
      • The Anarchitecture dual mandate
      • Attending planning meetings - the first step towards becoming a hardcore Rothbardian anarcho-capitalist
    • A small town stroad diet
      • Market approaches to parking
      • Small bets - plant street trees, fix sidewalks
    • Divesting infrastructure from government ownership
      • Sewage treatment vs. teachers
      • Private road ownership
      • Infrastructure loses out under government control
      • Mass exodus of teachers
      • Confessions of an Architectural Hitman
    • The federal funding band-aid
      • There are no feedback mechanisms in monopolies
      • Free infrastructure crowds out sustainable infrastructure
    • Is a pragmatic approach reasonable?
      • Small bets in the built environment
      • Small bets in libertarianism
      • Free State Project - building community
      • Destatalize government assets
      • Knee-jerk expectation that government will solve problems
      • The libertarian mindset - government as last resort, not first response

    Links/Resources

    Episodes Mentioned

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    29 January 2020, 11:51 am
  • 2 hours 25 minutes
    ana027: 11 Spooky Fears About Short-Term Rentals | ASSUAGED!!!

     Tim rents his home as a short-term rental on summer weekends.

    Why is this so scary to everyone else?

     We discuss eleven fears about short-term rentals, one of which is legitimate. Fear not, we have a non-governmental solution for that one. All others will be #ASSUAGED!!!

     11 Fears About Short Term Home Rentals

    • Fear #1 - Home rentals hurt a town's "character"
    • Fear #2 - Home rentals make housing less affordable
    • Fear #3 - Home rentals are unsafe
    • Fear #4 - Home rentals are not in compliance with building codes
    • Fear #5 - Home rentals are not licensed and inspected as lodging places
    • Fear #6 - Home rentals are preparing and serving food without a license
    • Fear #7 - Home rentals are not ADA / FHA compliant for accessibility for people with disabilities
    • Fear #8 - Home rentals do not have adequate insurance
    • Fear #9 - Home rentals are not paying taxes
    • Fear #10 - Home rentals are unfair competition to hotels
    • Fear #11 - Home rentals are creating nuisances

    Use hashtag #ana027 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment

    View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana027.----more----Intro

     

    Tim rents his home as a short-term rental on summer weekends. Why is this so scary to everyone else?

     

    We discuss eleven fears about short-term rentals, one of which is legitimate. Fear not, we have a non-governmental solution for that one.

     

    Discussion

     

    • Tim's experiences renting his primary residence as a short-term rental on Airbnb
      • Initial setup
      • Moving out every weekend
      • Strangers in your house
      • Reputations on AirBNB
      • Piercings, tattoos, and hardcore music
      • Faith in humanity - people tend to be respectful of other people and of their property
    • Airbnb facilitates peer-to-peer exchanges
      • Fully utilize real capital assets
      • Much more personal experience
      • Short-term rental is nothing new, but it has become much easier
    • Setting up a listing
    • Airbnb bans
      • Transient occupancy - less than 30 days
    • ADUs and STRs
      • Accessory dwelling units - a loophole to allow affordable forms of housing in restrictive single-family residence zones
      • Presenting 20 minutes of deeply researched content in three minutes
    • 11 Fears About Short Term Home Rentals
      • Fear #1 - Home rentals hurt a town's "character"
      • Fear #2 - Home rentals make housing less affordable
      • Fear #3 - Home rentals are unsafe
      • Fear #4 - Home rentals are not in compliance with building codes
      • Fear #5 - Home rentals are not licensed and inspected as lodging places
      • Fear #6 - Home rentals are preparing and serving food without a license
      • Fear #7 - Home rentals are not ADA / FHA compliant for accessibility for people with disabilities
      • Fear #8 - Home rentals do not have adequate insurance
      • Fear #9 - Home rentals are not paying taxes
      • Fear #10 - Home rentals are unfair competition to hotels
      • Fear #11 - Home rentals are creating nuisances
    • Fear #1 - Home rentals hurt a town's "character"
      • Character - "The main or essential nature, especially as strongly marked or serving to distinguish"
      • Joe is now a NIMBY
      • "Character" is the free space in the middle of the board in NIMBY Bingo
      • Apart from a potential increase in nuisances (discussed later), is a short-term rental use of a single-family home substantially different from long-term occupancy?
      • Vacation rentals are out of character in... Vacationland...?
      • Maine was built around vacationers
        • 15% of homes in Maine are vacation homes. This is the highest percentage of vacation homes in the United States, and five times the national average of about 3%. This has been true every decade as far back as 1940 when 10% of homes in Maine were vacation homes.
        • There were 3,700 AirBNB listings in Maine in 2016, which is less than 1% of homes and less than 5% of vacation homes.
      • As long as there have been vacation homes, there has been short-term rental of vacation homes
      • Homes used to be used in more flexible ways
      • The ability to rent one's home on a short-term basis is a long-established property right. Removing this right should be considered a form of regulatory taking
      • Visitors reinforce many of the things that are essential to maintaining a town's character
    • Fear #2 - Short-term rentals make housing less affordable
      • Maine - Less than 1% of homes are on Airbnb, less than 5% of vacation homes
      • 2018 Study in Santa Monica CA - Short-term rental ban has had no significant impact on long-term rental prices
      • 2015 NYC study
        • AirDNA - problems with data
        • Zillow - reliable data?
        • Statistical analysis, not direct comparison
        • Built-in bias - Investors may tend to buy properties for short-term rentals in areas that are already appreciating
        • In NYC, short-term rentals have taken 5,000+ units off the rental market in a city of 3 million housing units with 25,000 housing starts a year, resulting in an increase of a whopping 0.5% per year in rent.
        • Researcher was cherry-picked to get the same results he got in Canada by NYC's powerful hotel union who funded the study
        • These results are not transferable outside of NYC
      • Primary residences rented short-term, rooms in a primary residence rented short-term, and vacation homes rented short term would not come back on to the housing market if STRs are banned
      • Kea Wilson at Strong Towns - renting one unit short-term allows her to keep her other units affordable.
      • Short-term rentals optimize inefficiencies and vacancies in the housing market
      • How Airbnb got started - subsidizing the founders' rent
      • Tim covers 60-70% of his annual mortgage by renting during the summer season
      • Tim's town could change one number in the zoning ordinance to double the potential capacity for housing to be built incrementally, yet they think short-term rentals are causing housing unaffordability?
    • Fear #3 - Short-term rentals are unsafe
      • Safety of homes vs. hotels
        • There are approximately 91 million single-family dwellings in the US and about 2,200 deaths from fire each year. That’s one fire death per 41,000 single family dwellings.
        • Hotels are relatively safer, with only 15 fire deaths out of about 4.8 million hotel rooms in the US. That’s 1 fire death per 320,000 hotel rooms.
        • There are also 48 deaths from carbon monoxide from heating appliances in US homes, which is 1 death in 2.8 million homes annually.
        • Hotels, even brand name chains, have had carbon monoxide poisonings as well. A 2012 USA Today investigation found eight carbon monoxide deaths in hotels over a three-year period. This averages to 1 carbon monoxide death in 1.8 million hotel rooms per year, which is more risky than the rate of 1 carbon monoxide death in 2.8 million homes.
      • Short-term rentals have a different risk profile than single-family homes: 
        • Smoking is one of the leading causes of deadly residential fires, and most home rental hosts probably don’t allow smoking.
        • Home rentals owners are also more likely to have smoke detectors. Only about 67% of single-family homes have smoke detectors, while a recent study showed that at least 80% of AirBNB hosts reported having smoke detectors (there may be more who have them but didn’t report it). While this is not perfect, it is more comparable to multi-family housing in which 88% of units have smoke detectors.
        • AirBNB hosts can advertise smoke detectors and other safety features on their listing.
        • AirBNB provides free smoke and carbon monoxide detectors to its hosts.
        • In Maine, most short-term rentals probably happen in the summer when people aren’t using heating equipment or making fires in the fireplace.
        • In Maine, Title 22 2501 requires one-family rental hosts to post signage in every bedroom notifying renters that the unit is not inspected by the DHHS, so the renters should be aware that the risks are commensurate with a single-family home, not a licensed lodging facility.
        • Insurers issuing policies for short-term home rental units may require safety features like smoke detectors.
        • The primary concern with a transient occupancy is unfamiliarity with the building and egress paths. Most single-family dwellings have fairly simple layouts with obvious egress paths.
      • Deaths in short-term rentals?
        • One death in Taiwan from CO poisoning
        • Family of four died in gas leak in Mexico
        • One death in an Airbnb in the USA - from a rope swing
        • If we conservatively assume that rope swings may claim the lives of one AirBNB guest per year, that’s one death per 550,000 AirBNB listings in America. That is almost twice as safe as the 1 fire death per 320,000 hotel rooms.
        • Of course these numbers are too small to justify these types of comparisons. The reality is that hotels are generally very safe, and so are short-term home rentals.
      • Making your short-term rental safe
        • Maintain smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, provide fire extinguishers, provide emergency contact information, and provide first aid kits.
    • Fear #4 - Home rentals are not in compliance with building codes
      • The Maine State Fire Marshal has the following statement on their “Bed & Breakfast Life Safety Requirements” page on their website at https://www.maine.gov/dps/fmo/plans/bed_breakfast.html: “You are allowed to rent to 3 outsiders without needing State approval. At 2 people per bed, that equals 1 bedroom (the 2nd rental bedroom might include a 4th person).”
      • This appears to suggest that any short-term rental unit with more than one bedroom should be classified as a Lodging or Rooming House occupancy, requiring sprinklers, a fire alarm system, fire-rated stairways, etc., as well as a change of use permit from the State Fire Marshal.
      • Tim believes this is an incorrect interpretation of both the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code and the Maine Uniform Building and Energy Code.
        • Number of Occupants - NFPA 101 Life Safety Code defines a one-family dwelling as occupied by members of a single family with not more than three outsiders. The most conservative interpretation of this is four people, not three. Depending on the size of the family, and definition of “family,” there could be many more than four people and it could still be considered a one-family dwelling.
        • Number of Occupants per Bedroom - A limit on the number of occupants does not mean a limit on the number of bedrooms. It would have been easy for the NFPA to define a one-family dwelling by the number of bedrooms, but they chose not to do that for good reason. There are many instances in the code where the use classification of a building depends on the use and number of occupants rather than the spatial configuration (Assembly >50 occupants, Healthcare with >4 people incapable of self-preservation). It is an oversimplification to say that two bedrooms equals four occupants.
        • Short-Term vs. Long-Term Occupancy - These distinctions in the code between lodging houses and one-family dwellings apply to both transient occupancy of the unit (meaning short-term rental less than 30 days per NFPA) as well as permanent occupancy of the unit (meaning long-term rental or owner-occupancy). There is no distinction, in either the NFPA or the Maine Building Code, between short-term and long-term occupancy of one-family dwelling units.
        • This last point means that if their Office requires two-bedroom homes used as short-term rentals to comply with the requirements for transient Lodging Houses, they would have to require every single house in the State of Maine with two or more bedrooms to apply for a change of use permit as a permanent Rooming House, and to install a sprinkler system, fire alarm system, fire-rated exit stairs, etc. Clearly this is not the intent of the NFPA. 
        • The State Fire Marshal has a more nuanced (and correct) understanding of the code than what their website statement implies.
      • Concern is that towns will incorporate this incorrect interpretation into their land use ordinances
      • There is some reasonable limit on the number of occupants in a single-family residence - a "family" plus three outsiders - but not a specific number
      • "Family" is sometimes defined as "a single housekeeping unit." It does not mean relation by blood or marriage.
      • Towns should stick to the language of NFPA 101 if trying to incorporate this requirement into their ordinance
    • Fear #5 - Short-term rentals are not licensed and inspected as lodging places
      • Laws and regulations are a hot mess of contradictions and confusion
      • Departmental "Rules" are what get enforced, and bypass democratic checks and balances
      • Innkeepers, lodging houses, victualers, campgrounds, lodging places, cottages, vacation rentals, hotels, inns, private homes, guest homes - which one are short-term home rentals?
      • How to write a departmental rule - cut and paste the law, then change it to say whatever the hell you want it to say
      • In Maine, private homes shall not be considered a lodging place and subject to a license where not more than three (or five?) rooms are let
    • Fear #6 - Home rentals are preparing and serving food without a license
      • Stop the victualization of short-term rental guests
      • This is already covered in licensing laws and land use ordinances. Next.
    • Fear #7 - Home rentals are not ADA / FHA compliant for accessibility for people with disabilities
      • ADA physical access requirements generally don't apply to single family homes
      • FHA physical access requirements generally don't apply to building with less than 3 dwelling units, or existing building unless substantially altered
      • We don't give legal advice. Better call Saul.
      • Are short-term rentals "public accommodations?"
        • Probably not - more like a private lease agreement
        • Even if ADA did apply, units might not be required to be modified to retrofit physical access features unless undergoing substantial alterations
      • Airbnb allows people to search for accessibility features, creating a market incentive to provide them
    • Fear #8 - Home rentals do not have adequate insurance
      • Many owner-occupied homeowner’s policies may exclude coverage for short-term rental, and there may be some home rental hosts who are not properly insured, whether they know it or not.
      • However there are policies available that provide coverage for the homeowner as a principal residence while also allowing a certain number of short-term rental days during the year.
      • Our Liberty Mutual policy covering up to 180 days of short-term rentals costs us about $1000 more than a typical homeowner’s policy.
      • AirBNB provides liability insurance for all of its hosts, however hosts should review the adequacy of this coverage with their insurance provider.
      • If a home rental host does not have adequate coverage, they are taking a huge financial risk upon themselves and may lose their home if they lose a lawsuit.
      • However, this is a financial decision each host needs to make, and I don’t see a role for a Planning Board or Town Council in prescribing what types of financial products a homeowner should or should not buy.
    • Fear #9 - Home rentals are not paying taxes
      • Income tax - Airbnb makes it easier to document rental income, and possibly to audit it.
      • Sales / Lodging Tax - In Maine and several other states, AirBNB automatically collects and remits the 9% lodging tax to the State. This has improved compliance and income for the state.
        • Taxation without representation
      • Property tax - Short-term home rental owners who are not permanent residents pay property taxes without burdening the school system and other services as residents do.
    • Fear #10 - Home rentals are unfair competition to hotels
      • Maine Innkeepers Association - a nice sounding name for the hotel industry lobbying group
      • Tim's town has an 80 room hotel being built... Why would they build this if short-term rentals are driving hotels out of business?
      • Hotels and inns who choose to rent more rooms to more people for more money present greater potential risks to their occupants than home rentals, with respect to fire and life safety, health and sanitation, food service, and security. 
      • In exchange for a greater opportunity for profit, hotels creating these risks subject themselves to the State’s licensing requirements, licensing fees, inspections, and building code requirements for sprinklers, fire alarms, protected stairways, etc. 
      • Home rentals do create competition for hotels, but there is nothing unfair about them. Hosts of single-family homes are not breaking any laws or building codes, are not avoiding licensure or taxes, and are not putting their guests in harm’s way. 
      • STRs are competing, fair and square. We offer a better product at a better price in better locations than hotels can.
      • A hotel is where you go while you are waiting to experience a place. A home rental IS the experience of a place.
    • Fear #11 - Home rentals are creating nuisances
      • Nuisances are a legitimate concern, and the only legitimate fear on this list.
      • Nuisances are property rights violations according to libertarian theory
      • Noise Regulations
        • Subjective, difficult to measure and enforce
        • This aggression will not stand
        • Dependent on content and context, not just volume, frequency, and duration
        • Existing limitations - Code / Family plus three outsiders, Licensure / up to three bedrooms (in Maine)
        • House rules - no parties, limit number of occupants
      • Parking
        • This is a public space management problem
        • Tim's town has very detailed regulations in place
        • Parking violations are easy to enforce
        • Short-term rental guests are allowed to park on public streets unless there is a parking restriction in place
        • One more reason to destatalize
      • Tim's solution: Home Rental Mediation service
        • Neighbors file anonymous complaints
        • Mediation service contacts rental host and negotiate ways to mitigate nuisances that are acceptable to the neighbors
        • Communications between hosts and neighbors remain anonymous (if desired)
        • Better than calling the cops
        • Home rental hosts may be the best candidates to provide mediation services
    • Fears ASSUAGED!!!

     

    Links/Resources

     

     

    31 October 2019, 2:24 pm
  • 1 hour 12 minutes
    ana026: Music of Anarchitecture | Joe on Sounds Like Liberty

    Joe was interviewed on the "Sounds Like Liberty" podcast about:

    • The music of Anarchitecture Podcast
    • Our band
    • The making of "Theme from Friends Against Government"
    • How naming our band killed our faith in democracy (and might get us in trouble someday)
    • 5 (or 10) albums that everybody needs to hear

    Check out our band "Diametric" at diametricband.com, where you can stream our music and find links to spotify, itunes, and several other platforms.

    Use hashtag #ana026 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment

    View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana026.

    ----more----

    Intro

    • Intro to Sounds Like Liberty - Nicky P and Lizzie
    • The Launch Pad Media
    • Free Markets Green Earth
    • We do our own music
    • The Bad Joke Trumpet and the Uh Oh Tuba
    • The Friends Against Government Podcast - bringing new friends together
    • Our musical history
    • Pulling the family card to shanghai our bassist
    • Songs for libertarians
      • "Woulda Coulda Shoulda" - the #nocoiner anthem
      • "Romance of Revolution" - a protest song about the futility of protesting
      • "Hollow Shell" - breathing life into a city
    • "Theme from Friends Against Government"

    Discussion

    • Welcome to Sounds Like Liberty
      • What is Anarchitecture?
      • Australian regulations - 30% more pain in the ass
      • Reading Ron Paul on the plane to Australia
      • Freedom Indexes - Is Australia more free than the US?
      • Plenty of open space in Australia
    • Theme from Friends Against Government
      • We've written and recorded a song for one episode of our podcast
      • A spoof on 80's sitcoms
      • "It's beautifully cheesy"
      • "Ironically Overproduced"
      • "That is an obscene number of tracks"
      • Michael McDonald
      • "We're Yacht Rock People here"
    • What are your musical tastes?
      • Good songwriting, regardless of genre
      • What Phish and Tool have (had) in common
      • Strangefolk, the Creed of jam bands
      • Phish sold out to their fans
      • How did you miss Ween?
      • Restricting production to force good songwriting
      • But overproducing anyways
    • Our band - Diametric
      • Late to the Game album - We're getting the band back together!
      • "It was what it was"
      • High school - gigs around town
      • After college - Manchester, NH, where the groups all live together
      • Cities of Sand - our flagship album
      • Distrokid
    • "What's the best concert you've been to?"
      • Moon Boot Lover
      • Consumed by the music
      • Alien Vacation
      • Tower of Power - a force to be reckoned with
      • This is real music here - no DJ's required
      • Goldfish - DJ's plus live flutes
      • Afro Celt Sound System
      • My challenge - go to a TOP concert
    • How does music fit into your life
      • I should cut back on podcasts
      • New rule - after dinner, no podcasts, just music
      • Spotify - great for finding new music
      • Marvin Gaye
      • Everyone likes Vulfpeck
      • OK, we're going to spend the next 5 minutes talking about the clarinet
    • Soundtrack Moments
      • In high school, 2 friends died in a car accident
      • We played a gig that night - gave people a place to be together
      • Graduation party on a mountaintop in Vermont
      • "Some band was playing too loud, so the cops came"
      • We played "I Fought the Law"
    • 5 albums that everybody needs to hear
    • Racists ruin everything
    • A Primer to Prog
      • Vola - Applause of a Distant Crowd
      • The music has to grab me
      • Prog rock is an investment
    • Plugs
    • The great band name struggle
      • Snipe
      • Funkshin Junkshin
      • "Tranny in Need of Danny" - how I lost my faith in democracy
      • TINO-D
      • Diametric - the band that lives on opposite ends of the earth
    • Hoping to do some mid-life crisis recording
    • Recommending music to Tom Woods
    • Citizen of Nowhere Part 3 teaser

    Links/Resources

    Bands Mentioned

    • Phish
    • Tool
    • They Might be Giants
    • Ween
    • Moon Boot Lover
    • Tower of Power
    • Goldfish
    • Afro Celt Sound System (The Afrocelts)
    • Marvin Gaye
    • Bill Withers
    • Alexis Evans
    • St. Paul and the Broken Bones
    • Vulfpeck
    • Benny Goodman
    • Duke Ellington
    • Big Lick
    • God Street Wine
    • Rustic Overtones
    • Thanks to Gravity
    • Percy Hill
    • OSI
    • Grateful Dead
    • Steely Dan
    • Porcupine Tree
    • Dream Theater
    • Fates Warning
    • Vola
    • 12 Foot Ninja
    • Animals as Leaders
    • Peter Gabriel

    Episodes Mentioned

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    5 September 2019, 11:51 am
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