Join IEA Managing Editor Daniel Freeman as he explores how trade tariffs shaped America with Professor Alexander Klein. In 1870, the US had a massive 45% average tariff on imported goods - compared to just 2% today. Professor Klein breaks down why the US adopted such high tariffs after the Civil War, and what this history tells us about current debates around trade protection. From intense lobbying battles between Northern and Southern states to surprising findings about productivity, this conversation challenges common assumptions about America's economic development.

In this wide-ranging discussion, Freeman and Klein examine how even successful American companies pushed for trade protection, using the argument "other industries get tariffs, why shouldn't we?" Klein explains why high tariffs actually reduced productivity across most industries, despite creating more jobs - a tradeoff that's still relevant in today's policy debates. They explore how America's huge domestic market, natural resources, and waves of immigration were more important to its industrial success than trade barriers.

As politicians today call for higher tariffs to protect American jobs, this historical perspective offers important lessons. Klein's research shows how trade protection can become politically addictive, even when it doesn't help economic growth. He also highlights the dangers of rising trade barriers during economic crises, drawing parallels between the Great Depression and current debates about globalization and industrial policy.

In this GB News interview, Institute of Economic Affairs Executive Director Tom Clougherty discusses Britain's economic challenges and the need for new radical ideas to overcome them. Addressing years of high taxes and low growth, he explains how many young Brits in their twenties and thirties have never experienced real economic growth, with incomes remaining stagnant since 2007.

Rather than pointing to a single solution, Clougherty argues that Britain needs hundreds of changes across the economy. He discusses the need to reform energy policy, housing, and what he calls a "bureaucratic state" that's suffocating growth.

Clougherty also discusses the IEA's role and mission to develop the ideas we need to overcome the greatest challenges we face today. The IEA will be at the forefront of the drive for fresh thinking and radical change required to return economic dynamism back to Britain.

In this episode, we explore Ed Davey's proposal for the UK to rejoin the EU customs union. Reem Ibrahim, Tom Clougherty, and Kristian Niemietz demonstrate why this approach would be a backward step even from a Remainer perspective, highlighting how it would give Britain "the worst of all worlds" while restricting its ability to pursue independent trade deals. Their analysis reveals why the customs union was consistently the least beneficial aspect of EU membership for the UK, contrasting with the experience of smaller European nations.

Moving to Britain's growth crisis, inspired by Janan Ganesh's thought-provoking FT article "Britain should stop pretending it wants more economic growth", our discussion delves into how politicians repeatedly choose other priorities - from environmental concerns to distribution effects - over growth-oriented policies. The team investigates the difficulties of garnering public support for pro-growth reforms at a time when younger generations lack experience of sustained economic expansion.

Our final segment unpacks Labour's Renters' Rights Bill and its likely unintended consequences. The panel outlines how banning "no-fault evictions" and limiting deposits risks making landlords more selective, potentially discriminating against young people and those with irregular incomes. Through detailed analysis, they demonstrate why reducing rental market flexibility and pushing landlords to sell their properties could ultimately disadvantage the very tenants the legislation aims to protect, suggesting that increasing housing supply, rather than additional regulations, holds the key to empowering tenants.

We bring you a current affairs podcast with a difference. We want to get beyond the headlines and instead focus on the big ideas and foundational principles that matter to classical liberals.

In this new interview with libertarian power couple Matt and Terry Kibbe, founders of Free the People, hosted by IEA's Communications Manager, Reem Ibrahim, they explore how storytelling and personal narratives can effectively communicate ideas of liberty and economic freedom. From Terry's experience in the defence industry to Matt's discovery of libertarianism through Rush albums and Austrian economics, their journey showcases innovative approaches to reaching new audiences.

The discussion delves into their successful strategy of making complex economic concepts accessible through relatable content and storytelling. Their work at Free the People demonstrates how video content and documentaries can bridge political divides, featuring stories from Cuban artists to family-owned businesses affected by COVID-19 policies.

Host Reem Ibrahim and the Kibbes examine concerning trends, including that 53% of young adults (18-34) in the UK view socialism favourably. However, they remain optimistic about the future of liberty-focused ideas, particularly through their "gateway drug" approach of introducing these concepts through engaging, personal stories that resonate across political spectrums.

In this episode of IEA Briefing, we explore why a 37-year-old paper on UK housing remains shockingly relevant today. Dr. Kristian Niemietz joins us to discuss the republishing of "No Room! No Room!" - Professor Alan Evans' 1988 analysis of Britain's housing crisis. Despite being written when multiplex cinemas were new and the Berlin Wall still stood, the paper's diagnosis of the UK's housing problems feels like it could have been written last week.

The discussion dives into Evans' key insights about land prices, planning permission, and local authority incentives - issues that have only gotten worse since the 1980s. Dr. Niemietz explains how the paper identified core problems like NIMBYism (before the term even existed in British English) and the green belt's impact on housing development. They also explore how the planning system's effect on land costs leads to compromises in building quality and design.

The conversation concludes by examining how the housing crisis has intensified, with current UK housing affordability ratios over 8 times median income in England and over 12 in some areas. While new factors like immigration now affect housing demand, the fundamental problems Evans identified in 1988 remain at the root of today's crisis. The discussion ends with a look at the growing YIMBY movement and whether there's hope for meaningful change in housing policy.

Dr Christopher Snowdon joins us to discuss the "Not Invented Here" syndrome in activist groups and policy campaigns. From weight loss drugs to e-cigarettes, nuclear power to GM foods, Snowdon explores how campaign groups often resist practical solutions that weren't developed by their own organisations - even when these solutions clearly work.

Using real-world examples, Snowdon breaks down how activist groups frequently prefer radical societal changes over pragmatic fixes. He examines cases like public health groups opposing effective weight loss medications while pushing for dramatic changes to food environments, and environmental groups rejecting nuclear power despite its clear benefits for reducing emissions. The conversation reveals how institutional preferences and ideological commitments can sometimes override stated goals.

The discussion dives into why this resistance happens, from the sunk cost fallacy to anti-corporate sentiment, and explores what it means for solving major societal challenges. Snowdon explains how campaign groups' rejection of market-based solutions often stems from deeper ideological preferences for reshaping society, rather than simply addressing the problems they claim to want to solve. This episode offers insights into why some of our most pressing problems remain stuck in ideological gridlock despite available solutions.

In this episode, we dive into the UK's current borrowing challenges and the government's fiscal rules. Tom Clougherty, Executive Director, explains why the situation presents a significant problem for the government as borrowing costs rise and economic growth remains sluggish. The discussion explores how this could force difficult choices between spending cuts and tax increases, with potential implications for the UK's economic future.

The conversation then turns to NHS reforms, where Kristian Niemietz, Editorial Director, analyses the government's recent announcements, including plans for new diagnostic centres and upgrades to the NHS app. He traces the evolution of patient choice reforms from the Blair era and examines how current proposals build on or diverge from previous attempts to introduce market mechanisms into healthcare delivery. The team debates whether these changes represent meaningful reform or just another round of centralised management.

The podcast concludes comparing the different approaches to education and healthcare reform. The hosts discuss how the Schools Bill appears to be reversing successful market-based reforms in education, while healthcare policy seems to be cautiously embracing some elements of choice and competition. They explore the growth of private healthcare options in the UK and debate whether this trend should be encouraged.

We bring you a public affairs podcast with a difference. We want to get beyond the headlines and instead focus on the big ideas and foundational principles that matter to classical liberals.

Join us for the IEA Ralph Harris Centenary Lecture featuring Tyler Goodspeed, former Acting Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, who delivers his analysis of the UK's economic challenges. Goodspeed reveals that the UK is approximately 40% poorer per person than the US, with British workers producing less in a full year than American workers do by August. He explains how the 2008 financial crisis triggered not just a temporary downturn, but a fundamental change in the UK's growth trajectory, largely due to the different regulatory responses in the UK versus the US.

The lecture goes on to examine how the UK's institutional structure - from banking to planning laws - has constrained growth. Goodspeed highlights that while US businesses get 80% of their external financing from venture capital and private equity, UK firms still rely on banks for 80% of their funding. He also discusses how green belt restrictions, energy policy, and tax structures create barriers to economic efficiency.

The event includes a discussion with IEA Executive Director Tom Clougherty, Editorial Director Kristian Niemietz, and Professor Christian Bjørnskov, who explore these themes further. The panel examines why many UK problems stem from regulatory accumulation rather than any single ideology, making them harder to combat than the economic challenges of previous decades. The discussion concludes with audience questions covering topics from environmental policy to cultural attitudes toward entrepreneurship, offering practical insights into how the UK might return to stronger economic growth.

In this episode of the IEA Podcast, host Reem Ibrahim joins Tom Clougherty and Daniel Freeman to reflect on the economic and policy highlights and lowlights of 2024. The discussion kicks off with a critical analysis of the government's October budget and its impact on British businesses, followed by concerns about rising protectionism in America and the concerning trend of outdoor smoking bans and other nanny state interventions.

The conversation then shifts to more positive developments, including Argentina's promising economic reforms under President Milei and his bold approach to cutting government spending and regulation. The team also discusses the influential UK Foundation essay that sparked important conversations about Britain's planning system and energy costs, and how these factors have contributed to the country's economic challenges.

The episode concludes with an optimistic look at the post-election period and the revival of substantive discussions about conservative and free-market principles. The guests explore how recent political developments have led to more meaningful debates about the role of the state and economic freedom, even while acknowledging the challenges of turning these ideas into practical policy. We bring you a public affairs podcast with a difference. We want to get beyond the headlines and instead focus on the big ideas and foundational principles that matter to classical liberals.

Fraser Nelson, former Editor of The Spectator, joins IEA Communications Manager Reem Ibrahim to discuss his recent Channel 4 documentary "Britain's Benefits Scandal". Nelson explores the concerning rise in long-term sickness benefits claims across the UK, particularly among young adults aged 25-34, where numbers have increased by 65% in just five years.

In this conversation, Nelson explains how the current benefits system creates perverse incentives that can trap people in long-term unemployment. He discusses how those seeking work or training often face the risk of losing their benefits, while the system makes it relatively easy to claim but difficult to transition back into employment. The documentary found that many benefit recipients actually want to work but feel stuck in a complex system.

Nelson shares insights from his investigation, including conversations with welfare assessors and benefit recipients, and compares the UK's situation with other countries that have managed to reduce their sickness benefit numbers. He suggests that solutions lie not in harsh crackdowns but in understanding why Britain faces unique challenges in this area and creating better pathways back to work.

In this episode of the IEA Briefing, Editorial Director Dr. Kristian Niemietz discusses Jeremy Corbyn's recent speech in Jamaica about reparations and colonialism. Despite losing the general election five years ago, Corbyn remains influential with 2.6 million Twitter followers - more than the Prime Minister, Opposition Leader, and Chancellor combined. Niemietz explains why Corbyn's social media presence continues to shape public debate.

The conversation examines Corbyn's claim that Britain's wealth was built on slavery and colonial exploitation. Niemietz challenges this view, arguing that while some families got rich from the slave trade, the economic gains from colonialism were relatively small compared to the massive capital investment required for the Industrial Revolution. He suggests that colonial administration and military costs may have actually made the empire economically inefficient.

Looking at solutions for addressing historical wrongs, Niemietz argues against reparations, questioning the concept of inherited collective guilt and suggesting that such payments wouldn't differ meaningfully from existing foreign aid. Instead, he advocates for free trade as a more effective way to help formerly colonised nations develop economically. The discussion concludes by examining how modern political movements, including Corbyn's followers, approach trade policy based on political alignment rather than economic merit.