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Generic Name

lactulose

Trade Name

Kristalose

Indication

Constipation, portal-systemic encephalopathy

Action

draws water into the stool and softens stool, inhibits ammonia passing into the colon

Therapeutic Class

laxative

Pharmacologic Class

osmotic

Nursing Considerations

• use caution with DM • may cause cramps, abdominal distention, hyperglycemia • assess mental status, ammonia levels, abdominal distention • patient should average 2-3 bowel movements per day

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Generic Name

ketorolac

Trade Name

Toradol

Indication

pain

Action

pain relief due to prostaglandin inhibition by blocking of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)

Therapeutic Class

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, nonopioid analgesics

Pharmacologic Class

pyrroziline carboxylic acid

Nursing Considerations

• may cause GI bleeding, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, anaphylaxis, drowsiness • should not exceed 5 days of therapy • bleeding risk increased with garlic, ginger, and ginkgo • may decrease effectiveness of hypertensive medications and diuretics

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Generic Name

isoniazide

Trade Name

INH

Indication

tuberculosis

Action

Inhibits synthesis of mycobacterial cell wall

Therapeutic Class

Antitubercular

Pharmacologic Class

none

Nursing Considerations

• can cause jaundice • may cause peripheral neuropathy, seizures, hepatitis • patient should avoid high amounts of tyramine (pickled meats, aged/smoked meats, alcohol, exotic/aged cheese) • monitor liver function tests • complete full course of therapy (6-12 months) • often used in combination with Rifampin

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Generic Name

radioactive iodine

Trade Name

none

Indication

thyroidectomy pretreatment, thyrotoxic crisis, radiation exposure

Action

inhibits the release of thyroid hormones

Therapeutic Class

Antithyroid Agent, control of hyperthyroidism

Pharmacologic Class

none

Nursing Considerations

• may cause GI bleeding, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, goiter • monitor for hypersensitivity

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Generic Name

Insulin Regular

Trade Name

Humulin R/Novolin R

Indication

hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis

Action

stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver, prevents breakdown of fat and protein

Route Onset Peak Duration Subcutaneous 30-45 min 1-5 4.5-6h

 

Therapeutic Class

antidiabetics, hormones

Pharmacologic Class

pancreatics

Nursing Considerations

• assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia • monitor body weight over time • may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium • monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

Generic Name

Aspart, Lispro, Glulisine

Trade Name

Novolog, Humalog, Apidra

Indication

hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis

Action

stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver, prevents breakdown of fat and protein

Route  Onset Peak Duration Aspart 10-20 min 1-3 hr 3-5 hr Glulisine 15 min 1 hr 2-4 hr Lispro 15 min 1-1.5 hr 3-4 hr Therapeutic Class

antidiabetics, hormones

Pharmacologic Class

pancreatics

Nursing Considerations

• assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia • monitor body weight over time • may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium • monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

Generic Name

Insulin detemir, Insulin glargine

Trade Name

Levemir, Lantus

Indication

hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis

Action

stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver, prevents breakdown of fat and protein

Route Onset Peak Duration Detemir 3-4 hr 3-14 hr 24 hr Glargine 3-4 hr none 24 hr

 

Therapeutic Class

antidiabetics, hormones

Pharmacologic Class

pancreatics

Nursing Considerations

• assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia • monitor body weight over time • may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium • monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

Generic Name

Insulin NPH

Trade Name

Humulin N, Novolin N

Indication

hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis

Action

stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver, prevents breakdown of fat and protein

Route Onset Peak Duration Subcutaneous 1-2 hr 4-12hr 18-24hr

 

Therapeutic Class

antidiabetics, hormones

Pharmacologic Class

pancreatics

Nursing Considerations

• assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia • monitor body weight over time • may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium • monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

Generic Name

indomethacin

Trade Name

Indocin

Indication

Inflammatory disorders when patients do not respond to other medications

Action

Decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

Therapeutic Class

antirheumatics, ductus arteriosus patency adjuncts (IV only), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

Pharmacologic Class

none

Nursing Considerations

• monitor for hepatitis and GI bleeding • monitor for dizziness, drowsiness, and headache • assess for anaphylactic reaction • aspirin may decrease effectiveness • monitor renal labs • shake suspension before administration • patient should wear sunscreen and protective clothing to protect against photosensitivity

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Generic Name

ibuprofen

Trade Name

Advil / Motrin

Indication

Mild to moderate pain, inflammatory states

Action

Decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandins

Therapeutic Class

antipyretics, antirheumatics, nonopioid analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

Pharmacologic Class

nonopioid analgesics

Nursing Considerations

• may cause GI bleeding, hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome • may cause anaphylaxis • monitor for headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation • therapy should be discontinued after first sign of rash • monitor renal and liver labs • patient should avoid using alcohol