Edith Heard

Collège de France

Epigénétique et mémoire cellulaire

Année 2024-2025

Conférence - Stephen Quake : Medical Innovations from the Genome Revolution: Liquid Biopsies

Stephen Quake

Head of Science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and Lee Otterson Professor at Stanford University

Stephen Quake est invité par l'assemblée du Collège de France sur proposition de la Pr Edith Heard.

Résumé

One of the most important medical innovations to arise from the genome revolution is the development of liquid biopsies: simple blood tests which replace the need for invasive sampling in fields as diverse as pregnancy, transplant medicine, infectious disease, and cancer. Virtually all of these liquid biopsies are based on a physiological phenomenon discovered in Strasbourg in 1948: circulating cell free nucleic acids. Despite more than a half century of research, this phenomenon did not have a clinical use until it was paired with high throughput sequencing and knowledge of the human genome sequence. I will describe how our lab developed a variety of diagnostic tests which have replaced invasive biopsies and are now used by millions of patients each year.

Stephen Quake

Stephen Quake is Head of Science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, where he oversees CZI's science grant programs, technology development, and the CZ Biohub Network. He has received numerous awards for his contributions to science and is one of only two dozen scientists elected to all three National Academies. Steve also holds a faculty position at Stanford University, where he is the Lee Otterson Professor of Bioengineering and Applied Physics. Previously he was the founding co-president of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub (2016-2022), investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (2006-2016), and professor at the California Institute of Technology (1996-2005).

Edith Heard

Collège de France

Epigénétique et mémoire cellulaire

Année 2024-2025

Conférence - Stephen Quake : Understanding the Mysteries of the Cell: Our Immune Repertoire Viewed Through the Darwin's Eyes

Stephen Quake

Head of Science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and Lee Otterson Professor at Stanford University

Stephen Quake est invité par l'assemblée du Collège de France sur proposition de la Pr Edith Heard.

Résumé

The nature of the immune system's antibody repertoire has been a subject of fascination for more than a century. This repertoire is highly plastic and can be directed to create antibodies with broad chemical diversity and high selectivity. There is now a good understanding of the potential diversity available and the mechanistic aspects of how this diversity is generated. Antibodies are formed by a mixture of recombination among gene segments, sequence diversification at the junctions of these segments, and point mutations throughout the gene. However, certain very elementary questions have remained open more than a half-century after being posed: It is still unclear what fraction of the potential repertoire is expressed in an individual at any point in time and how similar repertoires are between individuals who have lived in similar environments. Moreover, because each individual's immune system is an independent experiment in evolution by natural selection, experiments about repertoire similarity also inform our understanding of evolutionary diversity and convergence. I will discuss how we have used high throughput sequencing to sequence immune repertoires in both humans and model organisms to address these questions.

Stephen Quake

Stephen Quake is Head of Science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, where he oversees CZI's science grant programs, technology development, and the CZ Biohub Network. He has received numerous awards for his contributions to science and is one of only two dozen scientists elected to all three National Academies. Steve also holds a faculty position at Stanford University, where he is the Lee Otterson Professor of Bioengineering and Applied Physics. Previously he was the founding co-president of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub (2016-2022), investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (2006-2016), and professor at the California Institute of Technology (1996-2005).

Edith Heard

Collège de France

Epigénétique et mémoire cellulaire

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - L'inactivation du chromosome X : Closing words

Organisation : Pre Edith Heard (Collège de France, chaire Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire) et Pre Claire Rougeulle (Institut Curie)

Edith Heard

Professeur du Collège de France

Edith Heard

Collège de France

Epigénétique et mémoire cellulaire

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - L'inactivation du chromosome X : XIST and the Maintenance of XCI: Lessons from XCI Erosion in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Organisation : Pre Edith Heard (Collège de France, chaire Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire) et Pre Claire Rougeulle (Institut Curie)

Simão José Teixeira da Rocha

IBB, Lisbonne, Portugal

Edith Heard

Collège de France

Epigénétique et mémoire cellulaire

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - L'inactivation du chromosome X : Modulation of X chromosome inactivity and phenotypic consequences

Organisation : Pre Edith Heard (Collège de France, chaire Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire) et Pre Claire Rougeulle (Institut Curie)

Céline Morey

Université Paris Cité, France

Edith Heard

Collège de France

Epigénétique et mémoire cellulaire

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - L'inactivation du chromosome X : Xist RNA and XCI maintenance mechanisms in female B cells

Organisation : Pre Edith Heard (Collège de France, chaire Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire) et Pre Claire Rougeulle (Institut Curie)

Monserrat Anguera

Université de Pennsylvanie, États-Unis

Edith Heard

Collège de France

Epigénétique et mémoire cellulaire

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - L'inactivation du chromosome X : How is X-chromosome inactivation restricted to females?

Organisation : Pre Edith Heard (Collège de France, chaire Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire) et Pre Claire Rougeulle (Institut Curie)

Marnie Blewitt

WEHI, Australie

Edith Heard

Collège de France

Epigénétique et mémoire cellulaire

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - L'inactivation du chromosome X : How is X-chromosome inactivation restricted to females?

Organisation : Pre Edith Heard (Collège de France, chaire Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire) et Pre Claire Rougeulle (Institut Curie)

Edda Schultz

Max Planck, Allemagne

Edith Heard

Collège de France

Epigénétique et mémoire cellulaire

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - L'inactivation du chromosome X : Synergy between cis-regulatory elements can render cohesin dispensable for distal enhancer function

Organisation : Pre Edith Heard (Collège de France, chaire Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire) et Pre Claire Rougeulle (Institut Curie)

Elphège Nora

UCSF, États-Unis

Edith Heard

Collège de France

Epigénétique et mémoire cellulaire

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - L'inactivation du chromosome X : Exploring X-inactivation's raison-d'être

Organisation : Pre Edith Heard (Collège de France, chaire Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire) et Pre Claire Rougeulle (Institut Curie)

Rafael Galupa

CBI, France

Edith Heard

Collège de France

Epigénétique et mémoire cellulaire

Année 2024-2025

Colloque - L'inactivation du chromosome X : Balancing the X: From Mouse X-Chromosome Upregulation to Human X-Chromosome Inactivation

Organisation : Pre Edith Heard (Collège de France, chaire Épigénétique et mémoire cellulaire) et Pre Claire Rougeulle (Institut Curie)

Vincent Pasque

KU Leuven, Belgique