We look at sources of laser frequency noise and discuss feedback techniques using a reference cavity or a molecular transition to stabilize the laser frequency.

We look at pump probe methods using ultrafast pulses for high temporal resolution experiments.

We look at transient effects in laser gain material, -switching and mode locking as methods to get short pulses.

Podcsat from 2008 of lecture on Raman spectroscopy. This is in place of the 11/9 lecture given about Raman spectroscopy, for which the audio didn't record properly.

Podcsat from 2008 of lecture on stimulated Raman scattering. This content was not covered in class this semester. This is for your interest only and will not be covered on exams.

We look at how saturation causes hole burning in a spectral line, and measurement techniques such as lamb-dip spectroscopy and intermodulated fluorescence that can take advantage of this for doppler-free measurements.

We look at basic methods of emission spectroscopy including laser induced fluorescence, resonant enhanced multi-photon emission (REMPI), intermodulated fluorescence and stimulated emission pumping.

WE look at basic techniques of absorption spectroscopy including direct detection, frequency modulation, intracavity absorption and cavity ringdown spectroscopy.

We look at how the natural lifetime of an energy level produces a Lorentzian line profile and how the natural linewidth can be broadened by Doppler broadening, pressure broadening, transit time broadening and saturation broadening.

We look at how interferometers can be used to measure wanelength.

We look at the principles of operation of prism spectrometers and grating spectrometers and discuss operating characteristics (speed, resolving power, spectral transmission and free spectral range).