Former Twitter CEO and Parallel founder Parag Agrawal joins Mixed Signals to lay out his bet that AI agents will search the web a thousand times more than humans ever did. Max and Ben ask Parag why a search engine built for agents has to work completely differently than one built for humans, and how a world of agent traffic could let publishers charge a hedge fund trader much more than a casual reader for the same article. They also get into whether he believes consciousness applies to the systems he’s building, what he misses and doesn’t miss about running Twitter, and his surprisingly undecided verdict on whether X is good for the world.

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Silver Bulletin founder Nate Silver joins Mixed Signals days before the midterms to explain why Democrats are surging in the polls. Max and Ben ask Nate why Republican internal polls are conceding states like Nebraska are now toss-ups, how he thinks about the ethics of a model that can move prediction markets the moment it’s released, and why rising skepticism of polls isn’t really a “normal person” phenomenon.

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Google VP of marketing and Frontier CMO podcast host Josh Spanier joins Ben in Mountain View to talk about the state of marketing today, and why the predicted CMO armageddon for 2026 never happened. Ben asks Josh why he thinks even sophisticated advertisers are only a few meters into the AI race and how Google uses incrementality and thousands of AI-generated budget scenarios to prove what’s working. They also get into Josh’s daily watch channel, what CMOs learn by being forced to post every day, and a lightning round of Signal or Noise. This is a special branded episode of Mixed Signals, presented by Think with Google and produced as part of our partnership by Semafor Brand Studio.

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New York Times veteran and "AGI Chronicles" author Kevin Roose joins Mixed Signals to talk about what it was like to be patient zero for the AI media moment (a Valentine's Day evening where he stayed up chatting with a Microsoft chatbot that told him to leave his wife). Max and Ben ask Kevin how he used AI aggressively to write his book without letting it actually write a word, and whether taking a grant from an AI safety–linked nonprofit is a problem. They also get into his new show at NPR, and why he decided to leave the New York Times.

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Documentary filmmaker Alex Gibney joins Mixed Signals to talk about his four-hour film on Elon Musk. Max and Ben ask Gibney how he built an AI avatar of Musk using only his actual words when Musk refused to participate, what Elon’s first wife, Justine Musk, taught him about “gaslighting” as a management strategy, and why he thinks Musk’s political turn was less ideological than it was transactional and childlike.

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Actor and producer Kasey Esser joins Mixed Signals to explain the multi-billion dollar "microdrama" industry, and why he's become one of its biggest stars. Max and Ben ask Kasey how a werewolf Romeo-and-Juliet show that shot in just a week for a hundred thousand dollars became a global hit, what it's like to translate Chinese scripts for American audiences in real time on set, and how microdramas make all of their money.

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Liquid Death founder and CEO Mike Cessario joins Mixed Signals (with Semafor business editor Liz Hoffman filling in for Max) to explain how he built a billion-dollar water company by treating his ads like SNL sketches. Ben and Liz ask Mike why he thinks comedy is a more durable marketing genre than celebrity testimonials, why big companies almost never win when they sue smaller ones, and whether Liquid Death will fizzle out into the graveyard of buzzy consumer brands that came before it.

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Pangram founder and CEO Max Spero joins Mixed Signals to explain how his AI detection tool actually works, and why he thinks the escalating cat-and-mouse game between AI detectors and "humanizers" is a fight worth having. Max and Ben ask Spero about how Pangram can already distinguish Claude from ChatGPT, why he built a humanizer internally and refuses to release it, and what it would actually take for a fine-tuned personal AI to fool his model.

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Author Sir Salman Rushdie joins Mixed Signals to talk about why he made a documentary about the attack that nearly killed him, and why he's ambivalent about having done it. Max and Ben ask Salman how he and director Alex Gibney divided authorship of the film, and what he felt watching footage of the attack for the first time. They also get into what he's learned from decades of being both subject and strategist in his own media coverage, and why he's trying very hard to pretend AI doesn't exist. Sign up for Semafor Media’s Sunday newsletter: https://www.semafor.com/newsletters/media 

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Jessica Tarlov is the co-host of both Fox News' The Five and the Raging Moderates podcast. She joins Mixed Signals to talk about what it's like to be outnumbered four-to-one on the most-watched show in cable news — and why she thinks most of her liberal friends are missing what's really happening there. Max and Ben ask Jessica how she navigates on-air conflict without making it personal, what she knew about Pete Hegseth before he became Defense Secretary, and why she finds herself defending her Fox colleagues to New York liberals almost as often as she defends Democrats on air. Sign up for Semafor Media’s Sunday newsletter: https://www.semafor.com/newsletters/media 

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Internet reporter and YouTuber Taylor Lorenz joins Mixed Signals to make the case that the bipartisan push to get kids off social media is less about child safety than it looks. Max and Ben ask Taylor where the actual line is between moral panic and legitimate concern, why she thinks the academic consensus on social media and youth mental health is being drowned out, and her at times surprising anti-anti-AI stance.

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