People's History of Ideas Podcast
Matthew Rothwell
In this podcast, Matthew Rothwell, author of Transpacific Revolutionaries: The Chinese Revolution in Latin America, explores the global history of ideas related to rebellion and revolution. The main focus of this podcast for the near future will be on the history of the Chinese Revolution, going all the way back to its roots in the initial Chinese reactions to British imperialism during the Opium War of 1839-1842, and then following the development of the revolution and many of the ideas that were products of the revolution through to their transnational diffusion in the late 20th century.
- 26 minutes 35 secondsRevolution in the ‘20s, Go For It: The ‘Third Period’ Comes to China
The 1920s that is. The Comintern lets the Chinese Communist Party’s Central Committee know how the objective conditions in China are ripening for revolution.
Further reading:
Nikolai Bukharin, “On the International Situation and the Tasks of the Chinese Communist Party”
Nicholas Kozlov and Eric Weitz, “Reflections on the Origins of the ‘Third Period’: Bukharin, the Comintern, and the Political Economy of Weimar Germany”
Robin Kelley, Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists during the Great Depression
Theodore Rosengarten, All God’s Dangers: The Life of Nate Shaw
Sebastian Haffner, Failure of a Revolution: Germany 1918-1919
Chen Jian, Zhou Enlai: A Life
Jane Degras, ed., The Communist International, 1919-1943: Documents, vol. 3: 1929-1943
So Wai-chor, The Kuomintang Left in the National Revolution, 1924–1931Some names from this episode:
Nikolai Bukharin, general secretary of the executive committee of the Comintern (1926-1929)
Rosa Luxemburg, German communist leader murdered in 1919
Karl Liebknecht, German communist leader murdered in 1919
Li Lisan, leading Communist
Stalin, Stalin
Feng Yuxiang, northwestern warlord who turned on Chiang Kai-shek during Sino-Soviet war
Wang Jingwei, the overall leader of the Guomindang Left
Chen Gongbo, main ideologue of the Reorganization Comrades Association
Chen Duxiu, co-founder of the Communist Party
He Long, leader of a soviet in the Hunan-Hubei border regionEpisode artwork:
Li Lisan with family31 October 2025, 3:00 pm - 23 minutes 26 secondsThe Chinese Communist Party Interventions in the 1929 Sino-Soviet War
How the Chinese Communist Party tried to turn war into revolution in Manchuria in 1929.
Further reading:
Bruce A. Elleman and Stephen Kotkin, eds., Manchurian Railways and the Opening of China
Michael M. Walker, The 1929 Sino-Soviet War
Chong-Sik Lee, Revolutionary Struggle in Manchuria: Chinese Communism and Soviet Interest, 1922-1945
“Japan Moves Town to Reach Coal Vein”Some names from this episode:
Miles Lampson, British minister to China
Yang Jingyu, Fushun special branch secretary of the CCP
Liu Shaoqi, Communist labor organizer and secretary of the CCP’s Manchurian Committee from June 1929 to March 1930
Ting Chün-yang, veteran communist sent to Manchuria
Meng Yongqian, veteran communist sent to ManchuriaEpisode artwork:
Postcard of a Fushun coal mine from the early 1940s10 October 2025, 3:00 pm - 21 minutes 30 secondsThe 1929 Sino-Soviet War Concludes
The final Soviet offensive, and some details on Chiang Ching-kuo’s activities as a student in Moscow.
Further reading:
Bruce A. Elleman and Stephen Kotkin, eds., Manchurian Railways and the Opening of China
Michael M. Walker, The 1929 Sino-Soviet War
Jay Taylor, The Generalissimo's Son: Chiang Ching-Kuo and the Revolutions in China and TaiwanSome names from this episode:
Zhang Xueliang, Manchurian warlord
Feng Yuxiang, northwestern warlord who turned on Chiang Kai-shek during Sino-Soviet war
Joseph Stilwell, United States military attaché in China
Mikhail Borodin, Comintern agent and political head of Soviet mission to aid the Guomindang during the first Communist-Guomindang united front
Chiang Ching-kuo, son of Chiang Kai-shek Zhou Enlai, leading Communist
Vasily Blyukher, commander of the Special Far Eastern Army
Aleksandr Cherepanov, commander of the 39th Rifle Division in the Soviet Far EastEpisode artwork: Picture of a young Chiang Ching-kuo
28 June 2025, 6:00 pm - 21 minutes 56 secondsThe 1929 Sino-Soviet War Begins
Some basic military history of the beginning of the war.
Further reading:
Bruce A. Elleman and Stephen Kotkin, eds., Manchurian Railways and the Opening of China
Michael M. Walker, The 1929 Sino-Soviet War
John Erickson, The Soviet High Command: A Military-Political History, 1918-1941Some names from this episode:
Vasily Blyukher (née Gurov, aka Galen), commander of the Special Far Eastern Army
Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Prussian general in Napoleonic wars
Aleksandr Cherepanov, commander of the 39th Rifle Division in the Soviet Far East
Andrei Bubnov, head of the political administration of the Soviet Red Army
Feng Yuxiang, warlord close to both the USA and the Soviet Union
A. I. Traynin, captain of the Soviet warship Sverdlov
Mok Yiuming, captain of the Chinese gunboat Lishui
Fedor Vulahov, lead petty officer of the Sverdlov
R. I. Yuanzem, commander of the Soviet warship Red East
I. I. Nikitin, captain of the Soviet warship Sun Yatsen
I. A. Onufriev, the commander of the 2nd “Amur” Rifle DivisionEpisode artwork:
Photo of Soviet soldiers with captured Guomindang banners14 May 2025, 5:00 pm - 20 minutes 25 secondsThe Chinese Eastern Railway: Background to the 1929 Sino-Soviet War
The Guomindang moves to seize Soviet assets in Manchuria. Also, subscribe to the new substack at https://peopleshistoryofideas.substack.com/.
Further reading:
Bruce A. Elleman and Stephen Kotkin, eds., Manchurian Railways and the Opening of China
Michael M. Walker, The 1929 Sino-Soviet WarSome names from this episode:
Li Lisan, Chairman of Central Committee Propaganda Department
Chen Duxiu, Co-founder of the Chinese Communist Party
Li Dazhao, Co-founder of the Chinese Communist Party
Lev Karakhan, Soviet deputy commissioner for foreign affairs in 1919 and acting commissioner in 1929
Zhang Zuolin, Manchurian warlord killed by Japan in 1928
Zhang Xueliang, Manchurian warlord, son of Zhang Zuolin
Martemyan Nikitich Ryutin, Bolshevik leader of Harbin soviet in 1917Episode artwork: Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway
9 April 2025, 3:00 pm - 25 minutes 46 seconds“On the Problem of Party Organization” (The Gutian Resolution—Part Three)
Mao discusses problems in party organization and how to fix them.
Further reading:
Stuart Schram, ed., Mao’s Road to Power, vol. 3: From the Jinggangshan to the Establishment of the Jiangxi Soviets, July 1927-December 1930
Pang Xianzhi and Jin Chongji, Mao Zedong: A Biography, vol. 1: 1893-1949
“On the Revolutionary “Three-in-One” Combination”
Episode artwork: May 1967 poster “Resolutely Protect the Policy of the Revolutionary Three-in-One Combination”25 January 2025, 6:00 am - 31 minutes 43 seconds“The Problem of Correcting Erroneous and Nonproletarian Ideological Tendencies in the Party” (The Gutian Resolution—Part Two)
We continue our textual analysis of the Gutian Resolution.
Further reading:
Stuart Schram, ed., Mao’s Road to Power, vol. 3: From the Jinggangshan to the Establishment of the Jiangxi Soviets, July 1927-December 1930
Pang Xianzhi and Jin Chongji, Mao Zedong: A Biography, vol. 1: 1893-1949
Mao Zedong, “On Correcting Mistaken Ideas in the Party”
“Bury the Slave Mentality Advocated by China’s Khrushchov” in Peking Review (April 14, 1967)
Some names from this episode:
Liu Shaoqi, top level Communist Party leader attacked as China’s Khrushchev during the Cultural Revolution
Zhou Enlai, head of the Organization Department of the Central Committee
Li Lisan, leading Communist
Qu Qiubai, top leader of Communist Party from the summer of 1927 until the Sixth Congress
Huang Chao, salt merchant who led a rebellion from 875-884
Li Chuang (Li Zicheng), bandit leader who seized Beijing in 1644 and was later defeated by the Manchus
Hong Xiuquan, leader of the Taiping Revolution and claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ
Chen Yi, member of Front Committee of Fourth Red Army
Episode artwork: Gutian village18 January 2025, 6:00 am - 25 minutes 53 secondsThe Gutian Resolution (End of 1929) (Part One)
On the importance of the Resolution, and a beginning discussion of the actual text.
Further reading:
Stuart Schram, ed., Mao’s Road to Power, vol. 3: From the Jinggangshan to the Establishment of the Jiangxi Soviets, July 1927-December 1930
Pang Xianzhi and Jin Chongji, Mao Zedong: A Biography, vol. 1: 1893-1949
Mao Zedong, “On Correcting Mistaken Ideas in the Party”
Episode artwork: Photo of the Gutian Congress10 January 2025, 7:00 pm - 30 minutes 22 secondsTwo Letters and “On Correcting Mistaken Ideas in the Party” (November to December 1929)
We look at two letters written by Mao on November 28, 1929, and introduce our discussion of “On Correcting Mistaken Ideas in the Party” and the other parts of the Gutian Resolution.
Further reading:
Pang Xianzhi and Jin Chongji, Mao Zedong: A Biography, vol. 1: 1893-1949
Stuart Schram, ed., Mao’s Road to Power, vol. 3: From the Jinggangshan to the Establishment of the Jiangxi Soviets, July 1927-December 1930
Mao Zedong, “On Correcting Mistaken Ideas in the Party”
Abimael Guzmán, “Report of the Meeting of the Central Leadership with the Cangallo-Fajardo Regional Committee”
Peking Review (Feb. 3, 1967)
Some names from this episode:
Li Lisan, Chairman of Central Committee Propaganda Department
Yang Kaihui, Mao’s first wife
Mao Anying, Mao’s first son
Chen Yi, member of Front Committee of Fourth Red Army
Chen Duxiu, former general secretary of the Communist Party
Mao Zemin, Mao’s brother
Xie Hanqiu, observer from the Fujian Provincial Committee
Liu Heting, Guomindang military commander
Jin Handing, Guomindang military commander
Zhang Zhen, Guomindang military commander
Episode artwork: He Kongde’s Gutian Meeting poster28 December 2024, 6:00 am - 20 minutesThe Battle for Shanghang (mid-September 1929)
The Communists take the fortified city of Shanghang in southwestern Fujian.
Further reading and watching:
Agnes Smedley, The Great Road: The Life and Times of Chu Teh [Zhu De]
The Battle for Dien Bien Phu
Pang Xianzhi and Jin Chongji, Mao Zedong: A Biography, vol. 1: 1893-1949
Stuart Schram, ed., Mao’s Road to Power, vol. 3: From the Jinggangshan to the Establishment of the Jiangxi Soviets, July 1927-December 1930
Some names from this episode:
Lin Biao, commander of the first column of the Fourth Red Army
Lu Hanmin, Guomindang militarist
Liu Angong, special envoy sent by Party Center to the Fourth Red Army
Episode artwork: Aerial view of modern Shanghang21 December 2024, 6:00 am - 21 minutes 54 secondsThe Politburo in Shanghai Discusses the Line Struggle in the Red Army and Issues the September Instruction
The Central Committee turns out to support centralized leadership. Also, the Comintern publishes Mao’s obituary.
Further reading:
Pang Xianzhi and Jin Chongji, Mao Zedong: A Biography, vol. 1: 1893-1949
Stuart Schram, ed., Mao’s Road to Power, vol. 3: From the Jinggangshan to the Establishment of the Jiangxi Soviets, July 1927-December 1930
Joseph Fewsmith, Forging Leninism in China: Mao and the Remaking of the Chinese Communist Party, 1927–1934
Mao Zedong nianpu, 1893-1937 (毛泽东年谱)
Chen Jian, Zhou Enlai: A Life
Zhou Enlai, Selected Works of Zhou Enlai, vol. 1
Some names from this episode:
Chen Yi, replaced Mao as secretary of the Front Committee
Xiang Zhongfa, General secretary of the CP
Zhou Enlai, head of the Organization Department of the Central Committee
Li Lisan, Leading Communist
Liu Angong, special envoy sent by Party Center to the Fourth Red Army14 December 2024, 6:00 am - More Episodes? Get the App