The Italian military suffers its first combat casualties since WWII while engaged in a stupid, quixotic, and self-sabotaging "peacekeeping mission" in Somalia c. 1993. And the battle took place in an abandoned Barilla pasta factory. Yes. Get the whole episode on Patreon here! https://www.patreon.com/posts/146061189 30% off all merch on our site until January 1! Check it out here: https://www.llbdpodcast.com/ BIBLIOGRAPHY: Biddle, Stephen "The Somali National Alliance in Somalia, 1992–94". Nonstate Warfare: The Military Methods of Guerillas, Warlords, and Militia Tripodi, Paolo (2 August 1999). The Colonial Legacy in Somalia: Rome and Mogadishu: from Colonial Administration to Operation Restore Hope. https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2013/07/05/news/somalia_anniversario_battaglia_check-point_pasta-62413996/ https://brigatafolgore.net/en/2-july-1993-the-battle-of-the-check-point-pasta/ https://www.ilfaroonline.it/2018/07/02/2-luglio-1993-attacco-mogadiscio-ceckpoint-pasta/228435/ https://www.military.com/history/battle-of-checkpoint-pasta-italys-black-hawk-down-moment-somalia.html

SUPPORT THE SHOW ON PATREON USE CODE DEC25 TO GET 50% OFF UNTIL THE END OF THE MONTH www.patreon.com/lionsledbydonkeys In 1602, Savoy launched an invasion of Geneva, forcing the city-state's residents to rush to the walls and arm themselves with whatever they could get their hands on, including, in one infamous case, a pot of boiling soup. sources: Abplanalp, Andrej. “L’Escalade.” Blog: Schweizerisches National Museum. 11 Dec 2020. Online: https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/fr/2020/12/l-escalade-de-geneve/, consulté le 01.12.2025. Aeschlimann, Jacques. “Tabazan, ou Le bourreau de Genève.” Geneva: La Sirène, 1961. pp. 97 Bonivard, François. Chroniques de Genève: Tome 2. Revilliod, Gustave, ed. Geneva, J.G. Fick: 1887. Online: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65402785/f154.item, consulté le 01.12.2025. Dufour, Alfred. “Histoire de Genève.” Collection “Que sais-je ?” Paris, Presse Universitaires de France: 2001. Fazy, Henri. “Genève, le parti huguenot, et le traité de Soleure (1574 à 1579).” Geneva, H. Georg: 1883. Monnet, Vincent. “Ce fut en mille six cent et deux…” Campus, v.61. December 2002-January 2003. Geneva, Université de Genève, 2002. Online: https://www.unige.ch/presse/campus/pdf/c61/rtheologie.pdf, consulté le 01.12.2025. Santschi, Catherine. “L’Escalade: Expositions des archives de l’état.” 2002. Online: https://archives-etat-ge.ch/page_de_base/lescalade, consulté le 02.12.2025. - "Blondel, Philibert", in: Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (DHS), version du 13.11.2002. Online: https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/025640/2002-11-13/, consulté le 02.12.2025. Schaetti, Nicolas. “La nuit de l’Escalade.” Bibliothèque de Genève: Expositions. 2023. Online: https://expos.bge-geneve.ch/escalade/, consulté le 30.11.2025. Schaff, Phillip. “History of the Christian Church. Volume 8: The Reformation in Switzerland. Chapter 8. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1890. Logos Research Systems, Inc digitized version. Online: https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/hcc8/hcc8.i.html, accessed 1 Dec 2025. “Quelle est la signification du texte en latin et allemand sur la gravure tirée du ‘Thésaurus philopoliticus’ de Daniel Meissner et visible au musée de la Réforme ?” Questions-Réponses. Bibliothèque de Genève. 2023. https://www.geneve.ch/themes/culture/bibliotheques/interroge/reponses/est-la-signification-du-texte-en-latin-et-allemand-sur-la-gravure-tiree-du-thesaurus-philopoliticus-de-daniel-meissner-et-visible-au-musee-de-la-reforme “Est-il vrai qu'une mère maquerelle appelée ‘Regina bordelli’ était en fonction à Genève jusqu'à la Réforme ?” Questions-Réponses. Bibliothèque de Genève. 2023. Online: https://www.geneve.ch/themes/culture/bibliotheques/interroge/reponses/est-il-vrai-quune-mere-maquerelle-appelee-regina-bordelli-etait-en-fonction-geneve-jusqua-la-reforme HLS DHS DSS: "Escalade", in: Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (DHS), version du 26.11.2009. Online: https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/008905/2009-11-26/, consulté le 01.12.2025.

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USE CODE DEC25 TO GET 50% OFF PATREON SUBSCRIPTIONS UNTIL THE END OF THE MONTH https://www.patreon.com/lionsledbydonkeys Joe and Tom are joined by Dr. Patrick Wyman, host of Past Lives and Tides of History to talk about the time the US Navy attempted to deploy flying aircraft carriers, which failed at a rate of 100% Sources: https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/how-airship-became-flying-aircraft-carrier https://nationalsecurityjournal.org/the-u-s-navys-flying-aircraft-carrier-mistake-still-stings/ https://www.military.com/history/navys-short-lived-plan-dominate-skies-flying-aircraft-carriers.html https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/the-cursed-uss-akron-class.html https://magazine.atavist.com/2025/american-hindenberg-zeppelin-disaster https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1934/july/loss-akron https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/the-uss-macon/

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USE CODE DEC25 FOR OUR HOLIDAY SALE. https://www.patreon.com/lionsledbydonkeys A group of people, forced into one of the worst jobs in human history, decide to launch a suicidal revolt to destroy the tools of the Holocaust. Sources: Lawerence Langer. Versions of Survival: The Holocaust and the Human Spirit Primo Levi. The Drowned and the Saved. Nathan Cohen. Diaries of the Sonderkommando - Confronting Fate and Reality. Tzipora Hager Halivni. Preparation for Revolt in Auschwitz-Birkenau: Heroes and Martyrs. Filip Muller. Eyewitness Auschwitz: Three Years in the Gas Chambers. Henryk Tauber. Deposition made on May 24, 1945. Auschwitz: Technique and Operation of the gas chambers. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/sonderkommando-uprising-auschwitz-birkenau

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USE CODE DEC25 FOR 50% OFF ALL PATREON SUBSCRIPTIONS UNTIL THE END OF DECEMBER https://www.patreon.com/lionsledbydonkeys In the early days of English ambassadorships to the Ottoman Empire, an increasingly petty collection of grievances among European envoys and Ottoman dignitaries set the conditions for a single errant snowball to incite an anti-English riot. Witness the story of the snowball that got a bunch of English guys' beaten with oblong objects. Research: Dr Joel Butler Reources: Public Records Office, The National Archives, Kew, London: SP 97/3; SP 97/4. ‘Bu bir nefret cinayetidir: Gazeteci Nuh Köklü, 'kartopu oynarken' öldürüldü.’ Radikal (2 February 2015). ‘Gazeteci Nuh Köklü kar topu oynarken öldürüldü’, BBC News Türkçe (18 February 2015). ‘Journalist Nuh Köklü murdered for playing snowball’, Agos (18 February 2015). ‘Life in prison for man who stabbed Turkish journalist over snowball fight’, Hürriyet Daily News (5 June 2015). Atran, S. ‘The Devoted Actor: Unconditional Commitment and Intractable Conflict across Cultures’, Current Anthropology, 57/S13 (2016), S192-S203. Brotton, J. The Sultan and the Queen: The Untold Story of Elizabeth and Islam (New York, 2017) Brown, H.F. Calendar of State Papers Relating To English Affairs in the Archives of Venice, Volume 9, 1592-1603 (London, 1897). Burian, O. The Report of Lello, Third English Ambassador to the Sublime Porte / Babıâli Nezdinde Üçüncü İngiliz Elçisi Lello’nun Muhtırası (Ankara, 1952). Butler, J.D. ‘Between Company and State: Anglo-Ottoman Diplomacy and Ottoman Political Culture, 1565-1607’, unpubd. DPhil thesis, University of Oxford (2022). _________. ‘Lello, Henry’, The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2023). Coulter, L.J.F. ‘The involvement of the English crown and its embassy in Constantinople with pretenders to the throne of the principality of Moldavia between the years 1583 and 1620, with particular reference to the pretender Stefan Bogdan between 1590 and 1612’, unpubd. PhD thesis, University of London (1993). Foster, W. (ed.) The Travels of John Sanderson in the Levant (1584-1602) (London, 1931). Horniker, A.L. ‘Anglo-French Rivalry in the Levant from 1583 to 1612’, The Journal of Modern History, 18/4 (1946), 289-305. Hutnyk, J. ‘Nuh Köklü. Statement from Yeldeğirmeni Dayanışması’ (20 February 2015) at: https://hutnyk.wordpress.com/2015/02/20/nuh-koklu-statement-from-yeldegirmeni-dayanismasi/ (accessed 8 March 2025). Kowalczyk, T.D. ‘Edward Barton and Anglo-Ottoman Relations, 1588-98’, unpubd. PhD thesis, University of Sussex (2020). MacLean, G. ‘Courting the Porte: Early Anglo-Ottoman Diplomacy’, University of Bucharest Review, 10/2 (2008), 80-88. MacLean, G. & Matar, N. Britain & the Islamic World, 1558-1713 (Oxford, 2011). Newson, M. ‘Football, fan violence, and identity fusion’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 54/4 (2019), 431-444. Newson, M., Buhrmester, M. & Whitehouse, H. ‘United in defeat: shared suffering and group bonding among football fans’, Managing Sport and Leisure, 28/2 (2023), 164-181. Purchas, S. Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes, viii (Glasgow, 1905). Sheikh, H., Gómez, Á. & Altran, S. ‘Empirical Evidence for the Devoted Actor Model’, Current Anthropology, 57/S13 (2016), S204-S209. Unknown Artist. (c1604). The Somerset House Conference, 1604 (oil on canvas). London: National Portrait Gallery.

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SUPPORT THE SHOW ON PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/lionsledbydonkeys Towards the end of the Crimean War the Russians invade the Ottoman Empire, coming up against the Fortress City of Kars. Command of the Ottoman forces fall to an old drunk, British man who may or may not be the bastard child of Prince Edward, all of the Turkish officers under him are actually Hungarian, and one American catholic. Sources: Winifred Baumgart. The Crimean War: 1853-1856 Raugh Harold. The Victorians at War: 1815-1914 Humphrey Sandwith. The Siege of Kars 1856 William Edward David Allen, Paul Muratoff. Caucasian Battlefields: The History of the Wars of the Turco-Caucasian Border 1828-1921