Irvin Etienne is the curator of herbaceous plants and seasonal garden design at Newfields, a 152-acre campus with art galleries, performance spaces, world-class public gardens, and a nature park in Indianapolis. Irvin has been a frequent contributor to Fine Gardening, sharing his horticultural expertise through informative articles like A Bright Idea for Spring Containers, Big and Bold Plants for the Back of the Border, and Bring It In!, a primer on overwintering all kinds of tropical plants. In this episode he delves into the path that brought him to horticulture, the lessons learned from decades of gardening in public, and some of the (many, many) plants that earn their keep in his home garden.

Due to their size and expense, gardeners tend to put a lot more thought into the trees they ultimately buy for their landscape. While a perennial might only live for 6 or 7 years, a tree might grace your garden for 50 years or more—outliving the person who so carefully selected it, in fact. Here at Fine Gardening, we feel strongly that trees should look good in more than one season (for all of the reasons above AND because they take up a lot of real estate). Therefore, on today’s episode, we may be highlighting our favorite flowering trees for every season, but these choices have more going for them than just some fleeting blooms. Listen to hear about which trees we’re willing to sacrifice a chunk of our paycheck on and why.   

Amanda Bennett is vice president of horticulture and collections at Atlanta Botanical Gardens in Georgia. 

Jay Sifford is an award-winning landscape designer based in North Carolina. Several of his garden designs have been featured in Fine Gardening, including a one-of-a-kind modern meadow garden and a series of beautiful, functional dry creek beds.

Jay’s immersive, naturalistic landscape designs are based around four cornerstones: art, magic, story, and horticulture. In this episode, Jay offers insights into the ways that these elements can be incorporated into a truly personal garden space.

Jay sees this modern meadow garden as a stylized version of nature where fantasy and reality collide. 

Grasses and perennials planted in large masses and punctuated with unique conifers give the meadow garden its unique appeal. 

In winter, evergreens and grasses add structure and interest to the snowy landcape.

Another view of the meadow garden at the peak of summer. 

A dry streambed designed to manage stormwater doubles as a dynamic visual element. 

Gravel pathways were the perfect solution for this pet-friendly landscape. 

Every garden design that Jay creates includes a little bit of magic. 

One of the worst sights you can ever see in the garden is a plant that has been browsed by deer. (Sidenote: we don't love the gentle word “browsed” in this instance. A more appropriate term might be “obliterated.”) If the munching is particularly bad, that perennial, tree, or shrub becomes unrecognizable. And in many cases, this can mean instant death to your prized specimen. With deer pressure increasing from coast-to-coast, we decided it’s time to highlight some of our favorite deer-resistant plants. Yes, we’re from deer-ridden New England, but rest assured that we’ve included plants in this episode that will thrive from Texas to Michigan, and everywhere in between.

Guest: Karen Chapman is a landscape designer in Duvall, Washington, and the author of Deer-Resistant Design: Fence Free Gardens that Thrive Despite the Deer.

'Childhood Sweetheart' hellebore (Helleborus 'Childhood Sweetheart', Zones 4-9)

Winter daphne (Daphne odora, Zones 7-9)

'Bonfire' euphorbia (Euphorbia polychroma 'Bonfire', Zones 5-9)

Sunshine Blue® blue mist shrub (Caryopteris incana 'Jason', 5-9)

Hiba arborvitae (Thujopsis dolobrata 'Variegata’, Zones 5-8)

‘Victoria Blue’ mealycup sage (Salvia farinacea 'Victoria Blue', Zones 8-10)

Eastern sweetshrub, syn. Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus, Zones 4-9)

‘Gerald Darby’ iris (Iris × robusta 'Gerald Darby', Zones 4-9)

Magical® Fantasy weigela (Weigela florida 'Kolsunn', Zones 4-8)

Threadleaf bluestar (Amsonia hubrichtii, Zones 5-8)

'Whirling Butterflies' gaura (Gaura lindheimeri 'Whirling Butterflies', Zones 5-9)

'Goldsturm' black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii 'Goldsturm', Zones 3-9)

Richard Hawke is the Director of Ornamental Plant Research at Chicago Botanic Garden, where he oversees comparative evaluations of ornamental plants. The CBG Plant Evaluation Program has included 117 distinct trials over the past four decades, with 26 comparative trials currently underway in three evaluation areas. In 2011, Richard began reporting trial results in Fine Gardening magazine, and has since written dozens of feature articles that can be found by visiting his author page.

In this entertaining episode, Richard Hawke discusses his earliest memories of plants and gardening, the education and internships that laid the foundation for his career, and the joys and challenges of developing a world-class plant trial program. He also digs into the day-to-day details of plant evaluation and talks about some trials that yielded surprising results and some that were particular favorites, including evaluations of clematis, baptisias, butterfly bushes, and tender salvias.

Richard joined the staff of the Chicago Botanic Garden in the mid-1980s.

CBG’s trial of tender salvias identified many vigorous cultivars that do well when grown as annuals.

The Chicago Botanic Garden has trialed 198 heucheras since 1995. Find out which cultivars performed better than the classics here.

The Chicago Botanic garden was built on a series of islands, and soil conditions are not ideal. The original trial beds were atop a substrate of clay soil compacted by heavy equipment; the water table is very high, and drainage can be problematic. Richard talks about these soil woes, and the solutions that have improved soil structure and drainage in the newest plant evaluation area.

The Chicago Botanic Garden was built on a series of islands with heavy clay soil.

Field evaluation is a core component of plant trials at Chicago Botanic Garden.

The Green Roof Gardens built atop the Plant Conservation Science Center are used to evaluate the suitability of plants for use in green roof assemblies.

With 26 trials currently underway, the evaluation areas at the Chicago Botanic Garden are a hub of research activity.

Richard now spends much of his time behind a desk, which makes him relish his time in the field even more.

The Plant Evaluation Program at Chicago Botanic Garden is one of the largest and most diverse in the nation.

Every gardener wishes they had 25 acres to garden on, right? Well maybe not, but most of us do dream of a healthy amount of ground to build beds and borders to our hearts’ desire. The reality of homeowners today, however, is that land is expensive and typical suburban lots have decreased in size steadily since the 1970s. And smaller lots mean smaller gardens. That isn’t an issue though, if you select plants that are polite and “stay in their lane” as the kids say. On this episode Danielle and Carol talk about compact plants that are prefect for tighter spaces. We’ve got several perennials, one annual, and even a few well-behaved shrubs that made the list. Filling your tiny plot with these beauties will enable you to have a wide variety of colors and textures without sacrificing an enormous amount of precious square footage.    

Julie Lane Gay lives and gardens in Vancouver, British Columbia, where she previously owned a nursery specializing in climbers and perennials.  

Danielle's Plants 

Creeping variegated gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides 'Radicans Variegata', Zones 8-11) 

'Prairie Moon' rattlesnake master (Eryngium yuccifolium 'Prairie Moon', Zones 3-8) 

Spicy Devil ® ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius  'ZLENATALIE', Zones 3-7) 

'Jack of Diamonds' brunnera (Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack of Diamonds', Zones 3-8) 

Carol's Plants  

Ivory Halo® dogwood (Cornus alba 'Bailhalo’, Zones 3-7) 

‘Rainbow Bouquet’ dwarf strawflower (Helichrysum bracteatus ‘Rainbow Bouquet’, annual) 

Let's Dance Sky View® hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla × serrata 'SMNHSME', Zones 4-9) 

‘Summer Beauty' allium (Allium tanguticum 'Summer Beauty', Zones 4-9) 

Expert’s Plants  

'Brunette' baneberry (Actaea simplex 'Brunette', Zones 3-8) 

'Firepower' heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica 'Firepower', Zones 6-9) 

‘Adirondack’ crabapple (Malus 'Adirondack', Zones 4-8) 

Solitary clematis (Clematis integrifolia, Zones 4-7) 

One of our favorite things to do here on the pod is dig through emails and social media shout outs from our listeners. It is always nice to hear about what problems you may be having in your gardens and to be able to offer advice from our decades of horticultural experience. And we’re lucky to have scores of experts at our fingers tips if we don’t have an answer for a plant suggestion or design fix. These Q&A episodes are some of our favorites, so we decided to revisit an array of your best questions from the past few years in this new Best Of LAAP. The inquiries included advice on planting under trees, attracting hummingbirds, and info about what garden tasks we hate tackling. Tune in to see if one of our favorite questions was yours, or to hear about some solutions to problems that tend to plague us all. 

Links to all our Q&A episodes: 

Episode 140 

Episode 123 

Episode 79 

Episode 56 

During the winter months many plants reveal subtle patterns, fine details, and a new range of colors that help us to see familiar beds and borders with fresh eyes. This is an excellent time to get outside, evaluate your garden’s bones, and make some plans for spring planting. In this episode Danielle, Carol, and their guest will explore some of the plants that fly a bit under the radar in winter months, but certainly deserve more attention. Do you have any of these underappreciated wonders in your landscape?  If not, you may want to start digging holes as soon as the ground thaws to ensure that some of these unsung heroes get some well-deserved garden real estate. Will any of these winter beauties make it onto your wish list this year? 

Jay Sifford is the owner and principal designer at Jay Sifford Garden Design in Charolette, North Carolina.  

Danielle's Plants 

Spotted wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata, Zones 4-8) 

‘Peppermint Patty’ bergenia (Bergenia 'Peppermint Patty', Zones 4-8) 

Moosewood (Acer pensylvanicum, Zones 3-7) 

‘ReJoyce’ drooping laurel (Leucothoe axillaris 'ReJoyce', Zones 6-9) 

Carol's Plants  

Golden Duke Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis ‘Monjers’, Zones 4–8) 

American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana, Zones 3b–9) 

'Little Heath' pieris (Pieris japonica 'Little Heath’, Zones 5–9) 

‘St. Mary’s Broom’ blue spruce (Picea pungens ‘St. Mary’s Broom’, Zones 2-7)   

Expert’s Plants  

American witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana, Zones 3-8) 

'Shades of Pink' laurustinus (Viburnum tinus 'Shades of Pink', Zones 7b-10)  

Blue conifers with assorted ornamental grasses 

'Louie’ white pine (Pinus strobus 'Louie’, Zones 4-9) 

Stacie Crooks is a Seattle-based garden designer who has created beautiful, ecologically friendly, low-maintenance gardens throughout the Pacific Northwest. She is also a contributing editor for Fine Gardening magazine and has shared her insights with our readers through 10 feature articles and several departments over the past 17 years. In this episode, Carol interviews Stacie about the lessons that she has gained from her years of garden design experience. 

Stacie Crooks’s Garden Design Rules of Thumb 

1. Identify your project. Ask yourself "What do I want to achieve?" and “Why do I want to do this?" Having a clear goal in mind- be it lower maintenance, better curb appeal, or more wildlife in the garden- will help you make the right design, style, and plant choices. 

2. Know your site. Before you can make any changes, you need to know your limitations. Determine the garden's light exposure and angles, soil types, drainage, topography, and size. Consider irrigation (if you need water, where will it come from?) and access (how will you get into the garden and move through it?) Bearing all this in mind, set a budget. 

3. Get inspired. With your goals and guidelines clear, It's time for a solid plan. People always ask, “Where do I start?" Engage in activities that foster learning and friendships. Read books and magazines and go to lectures. Join a garden club. Volunteer at a public garden. Look in the newspapers and on the internet for opportunities. Take notes, make lists and make sketches. Take photos of gardens you visit and copy them.  

4. No zone denial. When you go to buy your plants at your local nursery, read the tags carefully. Choose only that which is suited for your site and to your lifestyle. If it is not clear, ask a nursery person. Be sure that the amount of care that plant needs match the time and energy you can afford.  

5. Finish one garden before you start another. Resist buying plants that are not for your current project- they'll just die waiting for you to plant them. Stick to the list. 

6. Be responsible environmentally. Always aim to use less water, less fertilizer, and no chemicals. The better you know your site, the easier it is to achieve success naturally. There's an importance to NOT gardening, using fewer resources and less labor and just enjoying your space more. 

Plants with a silvery sheen stand out beautifully against the sea of green that fills most garden beds. In this episode, Danielle, Carol, and their guest will highlight some shimmering shrubs, drought-tolerant perennials, a tiny dwarf conifer, and even an unusual silvery vine with a bit of a back story. Perhaps one of these lovely, luminous plants could be the silver bullet solution to one of your own garden design dilemmas.  

Chloë Bowers, a garden designer based in southwestern Connecticut, is the moderator for Fine Gardening’s Northeast Gardening Answers forum. Join the conversation here: https://www.finegardening.com/discussion-forum/northeast-gardening 

Danielle's Plants 

'Quicksilver' hebe (Hebe pimelioides 'Quicksilver', Zones 7b-9) 

Woolly thyme (Thymus pseudolanuginosus, Zones 5-9) 

Silver sage (Salvia argentea, Zones 5-8) 

'Angel Wings' sea cabbage (Senecio candicans 'Angel Wings', Zones 8–10) 

Carol's Plants  

‘Pimoko’ Serbian spruce (Picea omorika ‘Pimoko’, Zones 4-9) 

Sea kale (Crambe maritima, Zones, Zones 5-9) 

'Elijah Blue' fescue (Festuca glauca 'Elijah Blue', Zones 4-8) 

‘Kintzley’s Ghost’ honeysuckle vine (Lonicera ‘Kintzley’s Ghost’, Zones 4-8)   

Expert’s Plants  

Pussytoes (Antennaria plantaginifolia, Zones 3-8) 

Blunt mountain mint (Pycnanthemum muticum, Zones 4-8) 

Pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea, Zones 3-8) 

Prairie sage (Artemisia ludoviciana, Zones 3-7) 

Oh, dear listeners...it’s the most glorious time of the year! No, not because it’s time to hang the stockings or trim the tree—because it’s time to make the 2024 gardening wish lists. This year Carol and Danielle have selected the 8 plants they are pining over most. You will hear about a brand-new perennial that few, if any, have seen before. And there’s also a new hydrangea with...brace yourselves...BLACK foliage!  The list also includes plants that our contributors have written extensively about, and we’ve just now sat up and paid attention. Listen now to hear about the plants we’ll be dreaming about as the flakes fly this winter.

Expert guest: Jennifer Benner is content editor for Fine Gardening. She has a bachelor’s degree in horticulture from The Ohio State University.

Danielle's Plants

'Blue Bunchkin' baptisia (Baptisia 'Blue Bunchkin', Zones 4-9)

‘Nichirin’ false nettle (Boehmeria nipononivea ‘Nichirin’, Zones 6-9)

Eclipse® bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Bailmacseven’, Zones 5–9)

'Fusion of Fire' oredenia (Oredenia 'Fusion of Fire', Zones 5-8)

Carol's Plants

'Humilis' red buckeye (Aesculus pavia 'Humilis', Zones 4-8)

Blackberry lily (Iris domestica, Zones 5-10)

‘Hillside Sheffield Pink’ garden mum (Chrysanthemum ‘Hillside Sheffield Pink’, Zones 4-9)

Tropicanna canna Lily (Canna ‘Phasion’, Zones 7b to 10)

Expert’s Plants

‘The Blues’ little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium ‘The Blues’, Zones 3-9)

Acapulco® Salmon and Pink agastache  (Agastache ‘Salmon and Pink’, Zones 5-9)

‘Orange’

‘Jelena’ witch hazel (Hamamelis x intermedia ‘Jelena, Zones 5-8)