The English defeat the Dutch, and Tromp faces his last battle.

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• Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
• Michael Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
• Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
• Nicholas Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, Volume 2, 1649-1815, 2004.
• Ian Roy, 'Prince Rupert', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
• Roger Hainsworth, Christine Churches, The Anglo-Dutch Naval Wars, 1652-1674, 1998.
• Christian J. Koot, ‘A “Dangerous Principle”: Free Trade Discourses in Barbados and the English Leeward Islands, 1650—1689’, Early American Studies, 5.1 (2007), 132–63.
• Thomas Leng, ‘Commercial Conflict and Regulation in the Discourse of Trade in Seventeenth-Century England’, The Historical Journal, 48.4 (2005), 933–54
• Jonathan Barth, The Currency of Empire, Money and Power in Seventeenth-Century English America (Cornell University Press, 2021).
• John Kenyon and Jane Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars: A Military History of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1638-1660.
• Alan MacInnes, The British Revolution, 1629-1660, 2004.

Go to AirwaveMedia.com to find other great history shows.

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Have your say in the Airwave survey! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/PAXBRITANNICA

Join the Mailing List!

Join the Patreon House of Lords for ad-free episodes!

• Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
• Michael Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
• Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
• Nicholas Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, Volume 2, 1649-1815, 2004.
• Ian Roy, 'Prince Rupert', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
• Roger Hainsworth, Christine Churches, The Anglo-Dutch Naval Wars, 1652-1674, 1998.
• Christian J. Koot, ‘A “Dangerous Principle”: Free Trade Discourses in Barbados and the English Leeward Islands, 1650—1689’, Early American Studies, 5.1 (2007), 132–63.
• Thomas Leng, ‘Commercial Conflict and Regulation in the Discourse of Trade in Seventeenth-Century England’, The Historical Journal, 48.4 (2005), 933–54
• Jonathan Barth, The Currency of Empire, Money and Power in Seventeenth-Century English America (Cornell University Press, 2021).
• John Kenyon and Jane Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars: A Military History of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1638-1660.
• Alan MacInnes, The British Revolution, 1629-1660, 2004.

Go to AirwaveMedia.com to find other great history shows.

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After the Battle of Kentish Knock, the English navy is over confident. At the Battle of Dungeness, the Dutch hit back, led by the resurgent Admiral Tromp.

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Join the Patreon House of Lords for ad-free episodes!

• Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
• Michael Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
• Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
• Nicholas Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, Volume 2, 1649-1815, 2004.
• Ian Roy, 'Prince Rupert', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
• Roger Hainsworth, Christine Churches, The Anglo-Dutch Naval Wars, 1652-1674, 1998.
• Christian J. Koot, ‘A “Dangerous Principle”: Free Trade Discourses in Barbados and the English Leeward Islands, 1650—1689’, Early American Studies, 5.1 (2007), 132–63.
• Thomas Leng, ‘Commercial Conflict and Regulation in the Discourse of Trade in Seventeenth-Century England’, The Historical Journal, 48.4 (2005), 933–54
• Jonathan Barth, The Currency of Empire, Money and Power in Seventeenth-Century English America (Cornell University Press, 2021).
• John Kenyon and Jane Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars: A Military History of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1638-1660.
• Alan MacInnes, The British Revolution, 1629-1660, 2004.

Go to AirwaveMedia.com to find other great history shows.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Have your say in the Airwave survey! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/PAXBRITANNICA

Join the Mailing List!

Join the Patreon House of Lords for ad-free episodes!

• Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
• Michael Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
• Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
• Nicholas Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, Volume 2, 1649-1815, 2004.
• Ian Roy, 'Prince Rupert', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
• Roger Hainsworth, Christine Churches, The Anglo-Dutch Naval Wars, 1652-1674, 1998.
• Christian J. Koot, ‘A “Dangerous Principle”: Free Trade Discourses in Barbados and the English Leeward Islands, 1650—1689’, Early American Studies, 5.1 (2007), 132–63.
• Thomas Leng, ‘Commercial Conflict and Regulation in the Discourse of Trade in Seventeenth-Century England’, The Historical Journal, 48.4 (2005), 933–54
• Jonathan Barth, The Currency of Empire, Money and Power in Seventeenth-Century English America (Cornell University Press, 2021).
• John Kenyon and Jane Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars: A Military History of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1638-1660.
• Alan MacInnes, The British Revolution, 1629-1660, 2004.

Go to AirwaveMedia.com to find other great history shows.

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In this first episode of this bonus series, we hear about Timur's devastating raid of northern India, and then follow his descendant Babur through his adventurous early years. 

For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful:

• William Dalrymple, The Anarchy.
• William Dalrymple, The Last Mughal.
• John F. Richard, The Mughal Empire.
• Bamber Gascoigne, The Great Moghuls

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Have your say in the Airwave survey! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/PAXBRITANNICA

Join the Mailing List!

Join the Patreon House of Lords for ad-free episodes!

• Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
• Michael Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
• Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
• Nicholas Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, Volume 2, 1649-1815, 2004.
• Ian Roy, 'Prince Rupert', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
• Roger Hainsworth, Christine Churches, The Anglo-Dutch Naval Wars, 1652-1674, 1998.
• Christian J. Koot, ‘A “Dangerous Principle”: Free Trade Discourses in Barbados and the English Leeward Islands, 1650—1689’, Early American Studies, 5.1 (2007), 132–63.
• Thomas Leng, ‘Commercial Conflict and Regulation in the Discourse of Trade in Seventeenth-Century England’, The Historical Journal, 48.4 (2005), 933–54
• Jonathan Barth, The Currency of Empire, Money and Power in Seventeenth-Century English America (Cornell University Press, 2021).
• John Kenyon and Jane Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars: A Military History of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1638-1660.
• Alan MacInnes, The British Revolution, 1629-1660, 2004.

Go to AirwaveMedia.com to find other great history shows.

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Two of the greatest naval commanders of the 17th century - Robert Blake and Maarten Tromp - face off in the English Channel. After months of growing hostilities, a refusal to salute English ships is enough to spark a shooting war between the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands.

Have your say in the Airwave survey! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/PAXBRITANNICA

Join the Mailing List! Facebook | Twitter | Patreon | Donate

Join the Patreon House of Lords for ad-free episodes!

• Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
• Michael Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
• Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
• Nicholas Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, Volume 2, 1649-1815, 2004.
• Ian Roy, 'Prince Rupert', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
• Roger Hainsworth, Christine Churches, The Anglo-Dutch Naval Wars, 1652-1674, 1998.
• Christian J. Koot, ‘A “Dangerous Principle”: Free Trade Discourses in Barbados and the English Leeward Islands, 1650—1689’, Early American Studies, 5.1 (2007), 132–63.
• Thomas Leng, ‘Commercial Conflict and Regulation in the Discourse of Trade in Seventeenth-Century England’, The Historical Journal, 48.4 (2005), 933–54
• Jonathan Barth, The Currency of Empire, Money and Power in Seventeenth-Century English America (Cornell University Press, 2021).
• John Kenyon and Jane Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars: A Military History of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1638-1660.
• Alan MacInnes, The British Revolution, 1629-1660, 2004.

Go to AirwaveMedia.com to find other great history shows.

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I speak with Micheál Ó Siochrú, Professor in Modern History at Trinity College Dublin about the Irish Confederacy, its strengths and successes, the place of Oliver Cromwell in Irish history, and whether the conquest was genocidal in intention and outcome.

Interested listeners might enjoy reading:

• Micheál Ó Siochrú, Confederate Ireland, 1642-1649, 1999
• Micheál Ó Siochrú, God’s Executioner: Oliver Cromwell and the Conquest of Ireland, 2008.

Have your say in the Airwave survey! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/PAXBRITANNICA

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Join the Patreon House of Lords for ad-free episodes!

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On the surface the United Provinces of the Netherlands, and the Commonwealth of England should have been firm allies: both Protestant, both Republics, both naval powers. And yet the first of the Anglo-Dutch Wars was fought between them. Was this just commercial rivalry, or were there other reasons for this global naval conflict?

Have your say in the Airwave survey! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/PAXBRITANNICA

Join the Mailing List!

Join the Patreon House of Lords for ad-free episodes!

• Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
• Michael Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
• Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
• Nicholas Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, Volume 2, 1649-1815, 2004.
• Ian Roy, 'Prince Rupert', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
• Christian J. Koot, ‘A “Dangerous Principle”: Free Trade Discourses in Barbados and the English Leeward Islands, 1650—1689’, Early American Studies, 5.1 (2007), 132–63.
• Thomas Leng, ‘Commercial Conflict and Regulation in the Discourse of Trade in Seventeenth-Century England’, The Historical Journal, 48.4 (2005), 933–54
• Jonathan Barth, The Currency of Empire, Money and Power in Seventeenth-Century English America (Cornell University Press, 2021).
• John Kenyon and Jane Ohlmeyer, The Civil Wars: A Military History of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1638-1660.
• Alan MacInnes, The British Revolution, 1629-1660, 2004.

Go to AirwaveMedia.com to find other great history shows.

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I speak to Professor Carla Gardina Pestana, Distinguished Professor and Joyce Appleby Endowed Chair of America in the World at UCLA, and ask her about Oliver Cromwell's Western Design.

Recommended for listeners who want to know more:

• Carla Gardina Pestana, The World of Plymouth Plantation, (Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 2020).
• Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Conquest of Jamaica: Oliver Cromwell’s Bid for Empire, (Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 2017).
• Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Atlantic in an Age of Revolution, 1640-1661, (Harvard University Press, 2004).

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Prince Rupert fights his naval war with the English Republic, to devastating personal cost. We also cover the Navigation Act, and why England's neighbours might not like it.

Have your say in the Airwave survey! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/PAXBRITANNICA

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• Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Atlantic in the Age of Revolution, 2007.
• Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Conquest of Jamaica: Oliver Cromwell’s Bid for Empire, 2017.
• Nicholas Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, Volume 2, 1649-1815, 2004.
• Charles Spencer, Prince Rupert: The Last Cavalier, 2007.
• Ian Roy, 'Prince Rupert', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
• Christian J. Koot, ‘A “Dangerous Principle”: Free Trade Discourses in Barbados and the English Leeward Islands, 1650—1689’, Early American Studies, 5.1 (2007), 132–63.
• Thomas Leng, ‘Commercial Conflict and Regulation in the Discourse of Trade in Seventeenth-Century England’, The Historical Journal, 48.4 (2005), 933–54
• Jonathan Barth, The Currency of Empire, Money and Power in Seventeenth-Century English America (Cornell University Press, 2021).

Go to AirwaveMedia.com to find other great history shows.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices